天生狂野：熊猫宝宝注定要回归大自然 [英国媒体]

Born to be wild: thebaby pandas destined for freedom

天生狂野：熊猫宝宝注定要回归大自然

原文时间：2017-04-11 00:57:17



Pandas: cute, but sexually inept and bamboozled bytheir own food requirements, right? Not so. In fact, it is life in captivitythat disrupts the complex rhythm of panda mating behaviour, with itsterritorial scent marking, mating calls and complex social interactions.

熊猫：可爱但是被它们自己的食物需求所迷惑，对求偶不上心，对吧？但并非如此，事实上，人工驯养的生活打乱了大熊猫求偶行为的复杂节奏，如在自己的领地做气味标识，发出求偶信号，以及复杂的社交互动。



Infant pandas are reared in nurseries, wherededicated staff work non-stop to meet their every need - including massagingtheir stomachs to stimulate their digestion

图：熊猫宝宝生活在培育中心里，那里有专门的员工夜以继日的满足它们的各种需求-包括按摩胃部刺激消化。

Most pandas born in captivity will spend theirlives there, in China or on loan to zoos abroad. But at Hetaoping fieldstation, within Wolong reserve, in a painstakingly slow process, some pandasare being prepped for a future in the wild. These candidate animals arecarefully selected ? they must be naturally wary of humans.

在中国或者租借熊猫的海外动物园里，大多数出生在人工驯养环境中的熊猫会在那里生活一辈子。但是在卧龙自然保护区的核桃坪野外监测站，在煞费苦心的漫长过程中，正准备将一些熊猫在未来回归野外。这些待回归动物是经过精挑细选的吗？它们对人类必须保持着自然地警惕。


  
If pandas are to be released and thrive in thewild, they must be wary of humans. Keepers at the Hetaoping reserve in Wolongtherefore wear black-and-white costumes soaked in panda urine

图：如果打算将熊猫放回野外且在野外繁殖，它们就必须要提防人类。因此卧龙核桃坪自然保护区的看守员们穿着在熊猫尿液里浸泡过的黑白熊猫服装。

Baby pandas are tiny, hairless and incrediblyvulnerable. Captive-born babies are removed to incubators to increase theirchances of survival, where staff bottle-feed them, rock them, burp them andkeep a close eye on errant toddlers ? all the duties of a parent, including thesleepless nights. But the babies selected for a wilder future stay with theirmothers before being moved to fenced-in habitats further up the mountain. Since2006, five have been released (wearing tracking collars) and three are still alive.A handful of others are also being considered for release.

熊猫宝宝非常的小，全身无毛并且非常的弱势。在人类驯养环境中，为了提高存活率，出生的熊猫宝宝则被放置在保温箱中，同时有专门的人员用奶瓶喂养，摇晃着它们，密切关注着这群犯错的孩子？所做的这一切就像一位母亲般尽职尽责。在被转移到深山里围起的栖息地之前，这些被选中的未来将回归野外的熊猫宝宝们仍然和它们的妈妈待在一起。从2006年开始，已经有5只大熊猫（佩戴跟踪环）被释放到野外，其中有3只仍然存活。少数的几只也正考虑释放野外。


  
Gestation for baby pandas ranges from three tofive months, and the tiny hairless blind creatures weigh an average of 100g(0.2lb) when they are born

图：熊猫孕期一般3到5个月，这些微小无毛又未睁开眼的生物刚出生时平均重100g。

Pandas need large territories: they eat about9kg-18kg (20lb-40lb) of bamboo each day. In fact, bones found in China indicatethat pandas, as we know them, have been around for two million years, and forall that time they thrived and spread throughout southern and eastern China,northern Myanmar and Vietnam. Then came the human population boom, andmillennia of panda behaviour was disrupted in a few years.

熊猫在野外需要广阔的活动范围：它们每天吃9kg-18kg的竹子。事实上，在中国发现的骨骼表明，我们所认识的大熊猫已经存在了两百万年了，在这期间，熊猫的繁衍生息遍及中国南部和东部，缅甸和越南北部。接着是人类数量的爆发式的增长，在最近的几年里，熊猫几千年来的习性被人类打乱。


  
The young pandas are weighed and monitored closelyto ensure they are putting on weight. Pandas take around five to seven years toreach full size

图：熊猫幼崽的体重被密切监视着，确保它们正在增重。熊猫长到最大体型大约需要花费5-7年的时间。

With much of their habitat destroyed, survivorsbecame isolated ? it is estimated that their current mountain habitat in Chinacomprises just 1% of their original range. The 70s saw their nadir ? withestimates of just 800 to 1,000 left in the wild. In 1980, the ChinaConservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda was founded at Wolong.Alongside government protection of their habitat, this has seen numbers in themost recent survey (2014) rise to more than 1,800. However, scientific modelssuggest that global warming could reduce their remaining habitat by 60% in thenext 70 years. Their continued survival is far from a black-and-white issue.

随着大量的栖息地被摧毁，幸存下来的大熊猫变得孤立起来？据估计在中国境内熊猫目前的栖息地和原始范围相比只剩下1%了。70年代，熊猫数量达到最低谷，据估计野外只剩下800-1000只。1980年，在卧龙成立了中国大熊猫保护和研究中心。同时在政府对栖息地保护的情况下，根据最近的一次测量统计（2014），野外熊猫数量已经上升到1800只。但是，科学模型显示，全球变暖会在未来的70年内减少60%现存的栖息地。大熊猫持久的生存远不是一个非白即黑的问题。

These images have been shortlisted for the NaturalWorld category of the professional competition in the Sony World Photographyawards. Winners will be announced on 20 April. An exhibition of shortlistedwork will run at Somerset House, London from 21 April-7 May. worldphoto.org

这些照片入围了索尼全球摄影奖专业赛中的自然类。4月20日将公布冠军得主。摄影展的照片筛选工作将在塞默特宫进行。


brandon_s
Preserving the panda has been a tough fight against natural selection. 

对熊猫的保护已经变成了一项与物竞天择对抗的艰难工作。

Alysh7
That man is in panda heaven!

那个人待在熊猫天堂里！

elephantwoman
very nice photos thanks .. 

非常好的照片，谢谢。

montyburns56
"Don't I look cute sat in this basket? Psst, got any bamboo?" 

“坐在篮子里的我看起来不可爱吗？喂！有竹子吗？”

MightyBuccaneer
If you think these creature have a greater claim to life than say, baby snakes,than you are immoral and confusing your selfish tastes for principled ethics. 

如果你觉得比起，比如说蛇宝宝，大熊猫这种生物有更大的存活需求的话，那你就是不道德的，你把有原则的道德标准和自私的个人品味搞混了。

ausgirl -MightyBuccaneer
Iagree with you, but ... oh look, cute pandas!

（回楼上）我同意你的说法，但是…天哪，你看，这么可爱的熊猫！

otterz
You are a delight. 

大熊猫真是个让人开心的生物。

OutOfOptions
I wantto have a job rubbing baby panda tummies. How do I apply?

我想做这份给熊猫按摩肚子的工作，我该怎么申请？

Gelion
Jeez, do you know how technical that is? You would have a 5 year trainingprogramme and you'd have to learn how to rub the tummies of these creatures inthis order before you get to Pandas. Tarantula, King Cobra, Timber Wolf, Fullgrown Tiger, Ogre, Dragon, Kraken, Panda. Good luck anyway. I got to Ogre buthe pulled my legs and arms off. 

（回楼上）哎呀！你知道那需要多高的技术含量吗？在你接触熊猫之前，你需要经过5年的训练，你还要学会怎么去按摩熊猫的肚子。狼蛛、眼镜王蛇、大灰狼、成年老虎、食人魔、龙、海怪，熊猫等等都是这样，不管怎么样祝你好运。我接触过一只食人魔，但是他把我的胳膊和腿都给卸了。

claudiagrey -OutOfOptions
Definitelysounds better than the one that requires being soaked in urine.

（回楼上）听起来绝对比那份需要泡在熊猫尿里的工作要好得多。

Inexcelsior
More!I want more tiny Panda pics.

看不够！我想看更多的熊猫宝宝的照片！

brolene
I wantto leave my job and spend my time looking after baby pandas! They are soooadorable!! Fabulous pictures!

我想辞掉工作去照顾这些熊猫宝宝！它们太太太可爱了！非常棒的照片！

bluekim
I wishChina would worry less about evolutionary dead-end pandas - gorgeous thoughthey are, and more about their traditional medicine practices which are causinguntold damage to many animals and habitats. Then there might be reason tocelebrate ...

即使熊猫看起来很可爱，但我希望中国对这个要被自然淘汰的物种少上点心，而应该更多的关心那些因药用价值而受到各种伤害的动物和栖息地。这样的话去庆祝才显得合情合理。

pubbore -bluekim
Youmean like the ban on the ivory trade which is coming in by the end of thisyear?

（回楼上）你的意思是你喜欢今年年底将实施的象牙交易禁止令？

anotherrose -pubbore
Theycan ban the ivory trade as much as they like it will not stop it. While thereis a demand the foul practice will continue, along with tiger parts andnumerous other practices. When did bans ever stop the drug trade?

（回楼上）他们高兴的话就去禁止象牙交易，但这不会阻止象牙的交易。只要有需求，违规行为就不会停止。同时还有虎骨和其他数不清的做法。禁止令什么时候终结过毒品交易？

TheDanPaul-anotherrose
Indeed.
Ithink the only way to realistically stop their extinction is to farm them,because the rarer they become the more valuable they become to poachers.

（回楼上）确实，我觉得阻止动物灭绝唯一可行的办法就是动物养殖，因为对于偷猎者来说，物种变得越稀有，其价值就变得越高。

deadmanonleave
Justsuch beautiful images.... pandas will never fail to make me smile!

照片太漂亮了…熊猫总是能让我开心！

Gelion deadmanonleave
Whichis why they make excellent stand up comedians.

（回楼上）这就是熊猫是出色的喜剧演员的原因。

MartinSilenus
Ok,cuteness overload: Panda cub in a box, being weighed...

好吧，可爱值爆表：放在盒子里熊猫宝宝正在测量重量…

Bluegum
I sawa TV programme once where a reporter accompanied people checking on the welfareof pandas released into the wild after being born in captivity. As the peopleleft, the panda kept trying to follow them. It was heart-rending. Let's hopehaving the human in the panda suit is dealing with that.

我曾看过一个电视节目，记者跟随者工作人员检查人工驯养环境中出生的熊猫回归自然后的生存状况。当人们离开的时候，熊猫一直试着跟着他们。这太让人心碎了。希望那些打扮成熊猫的人们能够解决这个问题。

jtfaulkner
Stupidbloody animals. Digestive system set up for meat but they eat bamboo, one up inthe nutrition stakes from rocks. They are completely inept at looking aftertheir young and can only just about manage one at a time. If anything deservedto be extinct it's the panda

愚蠢的动物。有着一套肉食消化系统却去吃竹子，比靠吃岩石获取营养要高级些。它们没有能力照看它们的宝宝，而且同时只能应对一只。如果有什么动物活该灭绝，那一定是熊猫。

pubbore -jtfaulkner
A slowreproduction rate works fine in a situation where there are no predators toworry about. It prevents overpopulation. The giant panda was doing absolutelyfine until some other stupid species destroyed most of its habitat.

（回复1）在不用担心天敌的情况下，缓慢增长的出生率可以很好的运转。这还可以防止数量过剩的出现。原本大熊猫绝对可以很好的生存，直到某种愚蠢的物种的出现摧毁了他们的栖息地。

AlManac408- jtfaulkner
Stupid?Nothing attacks its own kind, wipes out other species and destroys its ownenvironment as effectively as the human being. Maybe it's Homo sapiens thatdeserves to be extinct.

（回复2）愚蠢？没有什么物种像人类消灭其他物种并摧毁自己的生存环境一样攻击自己的物种。也许活该灭绝的是人类吧。