女权Nawal El Saadawi：我将抗争，永无止息 [英国媒体]

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文名：Nawal El Saadawi: 'I am going to carry on this fight for ever'

“我将抗争，永无止息”

作者：Genevieve Roberts



【背景知识】（偷懒从wiki复制）
女阴残割/女性生殖器切割/女性割礼（FGM）：世界卫生组织将其定义为“所有非因医疗因素而涉及移除女性部分或全部外生殖器，或是造成其他类型伤害的手术。”不同民族之间的女阴残割过程不尽相同，有些切除部分阴蒂和阴蒂包皮，也有的切除整个阴蒂和小阴唇。更甚者甚至将大小阴唇全部切除，使阴道愈合，俗称锁阴手术，WHO则称之为“第三型女阴残割”。被锁阴后的女性下体仅剩下一个小孔，让尿液和经血排除，直到要进行性交及生育时，才再次将阴道口打开。女阴残割所造成的影响因操作程序不同而有所差异，包含反复感染、囊肿、不孕、生产时并发症，及致命性出血。
女阴残割是对女性的一种性控制，具有性别不平等的意味。执行女阴残割的地区将此举视作纯洁、端庄，与美丽的象征，且认为女阴残割可以帮助女性保守对丈夫的忠贞。

【提要】
“If the power of religious groups increases, so does the oppression of women. Women are oppressed in all religions.”

“如果宗教团体的力量增长了，压迫女性的力量也会增长。所有的宗教都压迫女性。”

At the age of six, in the summer of 1937, Nawal El Saadawi was pinned down by four women in her home in Egypt. A midwife, holding a sharpened razor blade, pulled out her clitoris and cut it off. "Since I was a child that deep wound left in my body has never healed," she wrote in her first autobiography, A Daughter of Isis.

1937年夏天，当她6岁的时候，Nawal El Saadawi在她位于埃及的家里被四个女人堵住。一名手里拿着锋利刀片的助产士将她的阴蒂拉出并切除。“从我还是个孩子的时候起，那个留在了我的身体里的深深的伤口就从未愈合。”她在她的第一本自传《伊西斯之女》中写道。（Isis，古埃及神话中的战神。）

"I lay in a pool of blood. After a few days, the bleeding stopped, and the daya [midwife] peered between my thighs and said, 'All is well. The wound has healed, thanks be to God.' But the pain was there, like an abscess in my flesh."

“我躺在血泊中。几天之后流血停止了，然后daya（助产士）分开我的大腿看了看说，‘一切都好。伤口愈合了，感谢上帝。’但是伤痛仍然存在，就像我躯体里的脓肿。”

The 80-year-old feminist activist has been shortlisted for tomorrow's Women of the Year awards after spending the past 60 years campaigning for an end to the barbaric practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), which has been suffered by 140 million women worldwide. An estimated two million girls are at risk each year. She was able to protect her own daughter from the practice, and her fight to "create awareness and unveil the mind" has saved many others.

在为终止残酷的女性割礼（FGM）奔走60年后，这位80岁的女权主义活动家被明天即将揭晓的年度女性奖提名。女性割礼已经残害了世界范围内1.4亿名女性。据估计每年有200万女孩处在要被割礼的危险中。她有能力让她的女儿不遭受这种痛苦，同时她为了“创设意识、揭露思想”而进行的斗争也拯救了许多其他人。

"I have been fighting against this since medical college, but the political system, especially under [Anwar] Sadat and [Hosni] Mubarak, encouraged religious fundamentalists," she says. "When you have increasing power of religious groups, oppression of women increases. Women are oppressed in all religions."

“从上医学院起我就在抗争，然而政治系统，尤其是在安瓦尔·萨达特（前埃及总统）和胡斯尼·穆巴拉克（萨达特遇刺后，穆巴拉克于1981年10月14日就任埃及总统，至2011年初长达30年之久）统治下的政治系统鼓励宗教原教旨主义者，”她说，“如果宗教团体的力量增长了，压迫女性的力量也会增长。所有的宗教都压迫女性。”

She has written 47 books tackling problems faced by women in Egypt, including Women and Sex in 1972, for which she lost her job as director of public health for the Egyptian Ministry of Health. In the early Eighties, Dr El Saadawi – whose medical training was followed by work as a psychiatrist and university lecturer – spent three months in jail for "crimes against the state". She wrote her memoir of life in a female prison with eyeliner on toilet paper while behind bars.

她写了47本书追踪直面埃及女性的问题，包括1972年的《女人与性》，她因为这本书丢掉了埃及卫生部公共卫生主任的工作。在她八十出头的时候，接受医疗训练后成为了心理医师和大学讲师的El Saadawi博士因为“危害国家罪”入狱三个月。在女性监狱里时，她用眼线笔和厕纸写她的生活回忆录。

She lectures on FGM and feminism, encouraging people to connect "cutting" with politics, economics, religion, class and history. She equally opposes male circumcision. "As a medical doctor, I don't separate cutting children from a physical, social point of view – cutting a female is more dangerous. People are now very aware of the dangers. They are not aware of male genital mutilation," she says. "It is a piece of an organ, it prevents infections."

她在女性割礼和女权主义议题上的演讲鼓励人们将“切割”这个动作与政治、经济、宗教、阶级和历史连接起来。“作为一名医学博士，我看待儿童割礼时会用一种生理的、社会的角度和眼光——女性割礼更为危险。人们现在都很了解各种危险。（然而）他们并不知道男性生殖器切割的危险，”她说，“那是器官，它防止感染。”

But she constantly struggles to get her voice heard in her home country: "I teach in universities all over the world, except Egypt."

然而她坚持不懈地抗争，想让她的祖国听见她的声音，“我在全世界的大学教书，除了埃及的。”

In 2008, the Egyptian government passed a law banning FGM, following the death of 12-year-old Badour Shaker in June 2007, during an operation. "When I heard that she died, I wrote an open letter to her parents, saying they should not be silent – they should scream so all the world would hear their voice. They should use the death to educate everybody," Dr El Saadawi says.

在2007年六月12岁的Badour Shaker在一次（割礼）手术中丧生后，埃及政府在2008年通过了禁止女性割礼的法律。“当我听说她丧生了，我给她的父母写了一封公开信，说他们不应保持沉默——他们应该大喊，这样整个世界就会听见他们的声音。他们应该用（女儿的）死亡教育每个人。”El Saadawi博士说道。

She wrote: "Badour, did you have to die for some light to shine into dark minds? Did you have to pay with your dear life a price ... for doctors and clerics to learn that the right religion doesn't cut children's organs?"

她（在信中）写到：“Badour，你是因为闪现在黑暗思想中的亮光而死的吗？你是否不得不用你宝贵的生命作为代价……这样那些医生和神职人员才能明白，正确的宗教不会切割孩子们的器官？”

Despite the law, Dr El Saadawi believes that about 90 per cent of women are still circumcised in Egypt. "You cannot eradicate such historical, rooted habits by law only," she says. "We need education of mothers and fathers. There is lots of misinformation that cutting children is good, but this is lies."

如果没有法律，El Saadawi相信埃及大约90%的女性依然进行了割礼。“你不能仅仅依靠法律就根除这样历史甚远、牢牢生根的积习，”她说，“我们需要教育母亲和父亲。有很多误传说切割儿童（的器官）是好的，然而这是谎言。”

The practice, started in the 2nd century BC, continues worldwide. Progress in preventing it is slow, and laws banning it often ignored. Senegal is one country where some success has been achieved: since 1997, more than 4,000 communities have given up FGM, and it could be close to eradication by 2015.

从公元前二世纪开始的割礼仍在世界各地继续。抵制割礼的进程很缓慢，禁止割礼的法律也常常被无视。塞内加尔（位于非洲大陆的西部，塞内加尔河的南岸）已经取得了一些成功：从1997年开始，超过4000个部族已经放弃了女性割礼，到2015年时可能接近根除。

In the UK, up to 2,000 British girls undergo genital mutilation during the summer holidays each year. Many are sent abroad, often utterly unsuspectingly, to be mutilated. Others will be cut in the UK, sometimes at group "parties" where several girls will be mutilated at a time.

在英国，每年夏天有最多2000名英国女孩进行割礼手术。她们中很多人被送去国外，在什么都没明白的情况下被割残。其他人会在英国进行隔离，有时在小组“派对”上几个女孩一同被割残。

The Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 makes it illegal for FGM to be performed anywhere in the world on permanent UK residents of any age. It carries a sentence of 14 years' imprisonment but, to date, there have been no prosecutions.

2003年女性割礼法案规定，无论世界何地，无论多大年龄，在英国永久居民身上进行女性割礼都是违法的。违法可能要坐14年的牢，不过至今为止还没有一起起诉。

Naana Otoo-oyortey, executive director of the African diaspora women's charity Forward, believes that the true number of girls at risk in the UK is much higher than official figures suggest, with communities affected including those from Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Sierra Leone and Gambia. Political commitment is needed, she says, to engage these communities.

非洲流散（具有共同民族认同的人口群体由于游牧文化的入侵诸原因导致的迁徙，这与难民的出现密切相关。尽管如此，难民可能会或不会最终定居在新的地方，而流散一词指的是长期流离失所与集体搬迁）女性的慈善组织“向前进”的执行董事Naana Otoo-oyortey认为，因为很多社区被来自包括埃及、苏丹、埃塞俄比亚，厄立特里亚，索马里，塞拉利昂和冈比亚（的人）影响，英国实际上受女性割礼危害的女孩的数量要比官方数字高得多。她说，涉入这些社区的政治承诺是必要的。

Last week, the Home Office put in a call for funding for work to stop FGM in the UK. A total of ￡25,000 was allocated for community programmes. In the Netherlands, the government is spending ￡3m on similar projects, Ms Otoo-oyortey says. "It's insulting. To allocate only ￡25,000: the Government is sending a message that this issue is not important enough."

上周，英国内政部呼吁为组织英国国内的女性割礼捐款。2.5万英镑捐款会被用到社区项目上。在荷兰，政府正在相似的项目上花费300万英镑，Otoo-oyortey女士说，“这是侮辱。只收集到2.5万英镑捐款，政府发出了这个议题不够重要的信号。”

A Home Office spokesman said: "Our focus is on prevention, and we have recently launched an FGM fund that can be used by frontline organisations to carry out work on this abhorrent form of abuse, and raising awareness."

一位内政部发言人说道：“我们的重点在于抵制防止，而且我们最近已经成立了一项女性割礼基金。前线团体可以利用这项基金开展有关这种可恶的侵犯方式的工作，并且提高民众意识。”

Dr El Saadawi agrees that the fight against FGM must begin in the community. "Children should be taught in schools, parents should be educated," she says. "People need to understand this is dangerous for physical and mental health."

El Saadawi博士同意抵抗女性割礼比如从社区地方开始。“学校需要教育孩子们，家长们应该受到教育，”她说，“人们应该明白女性割礼对生理和心理健康都很危险。”

She has no intention of scaling down her radicalism now she is in her eighties, and was in Tahrir Square this February as Mubarak was overthrown. On Friday, she will announce an annual international prize in her name, supported with a university scholarship, to be awarded to a dissident revolutionary artist. In an impassioned statement, voiced with the militancy of someone a quarter of her age, she says: "I'm fighting against the patriarchal, military, capitalist, racist post-modern slave system. I am going to fight for this for ever."

她没有减弱她的激进主义的打算。她现在八十多岁了，今年二月穆巴拉克被推翻时还她还在解放广场（一个位于埃及开罗的大型公共广场）。这个星期五她将宣布一项由她的名字命名的每年一次的国际奖项；同时该奖项会提供奖学金，奖励给持不同政见的革命艺术家。在一份充满激情的、听起来就像年龄只有她四分之一的人一样有斗争性的声明中，她说道：“我与父权、军方、资本家和后现代种族主义奴隶制抗争。我将抗争，永无止息。”