经济学人：爱国主义在印度 [英国媒体]

Patriotism in India

爱国主义在印度

Oh mother

哦母亲

A nationalist slogan sendssectarian sparks

一个引发教派火花的民族主义口号



Bharat Mata channels Britannia

从巴拉特•玛塔（印度之母）通向不列颠尼亚（不列颠尼亚被视为英国的化身，是头戴钢盔，手持盾牌和三叉戟的女子形象）


  
（科普：瓦拉纳西是印度教的圣地，如同麦加之于伊斯兰教。印度之母神庙就位于这里，该神庙是为了纪念印度之母而修建的，但庙内并无神像，只有一幅大理石雕刻的印度地图坐落中央。所以，它并不像传统意义上的神庙，而更像一个强化国家概念和民族认同的爱国主义教育基地）

IT SOUNDS innocuous enough for any Indian to wish victoryto Bharat Mata, or Mother India. And the slogan bharat mata ki jai, which means muchthe same thing, is being chanted at rallies across the election-fevered stateof Assam. Yet in a giant country of multiple creeds and tongues, and even moreopinions, simple words carry complex and even dangerous meanings.

对任何印度人来说，到巴拉特·玛塔神庙（或者叫印度之母神庙）祈福都是一件并无不妥的行为。它的口号“bharat mata ki jai”（long live mother india），意思是印度之母万岁，在阿萨姆这个选举狂热的邦的集会上被反复高呼。然而在这个拥有多种信仰和方言，和更多种意见的巨大国度，简单的话语里承载着复杂甚至危险的含义。

To the one in five Indians who are not Hindu the slogansounds perilously close to the religious chant, jai mata di, which honours a Hindu mothergoddess. The association is especially tricky for Muslims, whose monotheismabhors the attribution of godly power to any but one supreme being. It does nothelp matters that during India’s independence struggle against Britain,patriots seeking symbols for Indian nationhood tried to elevate Bharat Mata intoa pukka Hindu deity.

对于占人口1/5的非印度教徒来说，这个口号听上去相当危险的接近jaimata di（long live themother）,向印度之母女神表示敬意的宗教吟咏。这样的联系对信奉一神教，痛恨神的力量除了真主之外归属的穆斯林们来说十分棘手。在印度与英帝国斗争寻求独立的时期，爱国人士们寻找印度的国家象征时就努力把印度之母的地位提升为真正的印度之神，但这种努力无济于事。

The effort, which was strongly influenced by Westernfabrications such as Britannia and America’s Statue of Liberty, did not takeoff. Bharat Mata’s iconography remained vague. Did she have four arms or ten?Was she accompanied by a lion, or a map of India? And which map at that? Yetseveral temples were dedicated to the would-be goddess, including one in theholy city of Varanasi opened in 1936 by Mahatma Gandhi himself. A handfulacross India draw a trickle of worshippers today.

这种深受西方影响（不列颠尼亚、美国的自由女神像）的努力并没有成功。印度之母的形象依然模糊。她有四条还是十条手臂？她身旁带着一只狮子，还是一张印度地图？又是哪一张地图呢？但是有几所寺庙已经被献给了准女神，其中包括一座圣雄甘地本人1936年在圣城瓦拉纳西开设的寺庙。这屈指可数的寺庙在今天吸引了络绎不绝的崇拜者。

Accustomed to India’s garish and usually cheerful religiousdiversity, many Muslims would ordinarily be inclined to ignore a recent fatwa issued by aDeobandi seminary, one of India’s stricter seats of Islamic teaching, whichcondemned the contentious words as a sin. The trouble is that harder-lineHindus, emboldened by the strength of the ruling (and Hindu-nationalist)Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) have taken to wielding the slogan as a test ofpatriotism.

习惯了印度五花八门的，通常令人愉快的宗教多样性，很多穆斯林通常会倾向于忽视最近一个恪守教规，视有争议的话语为罪行的Deobandi神学院发布的教令。（译者注：Deobandi：一场伊斯兰教逊尼派内部（主要是哈乃斐教派）发起的复兴运动。在印度走向独立的过程中，Deobandi倡导复合民族主义的概念，即印度教徒和穆斯林构成一个国家，因而使双方在反英斗争中团结起来。另外一些人则加入了巴基斯坦国父阿里真纳的穆斯林联盟。）但问题在于强硬的印度教徒，受执政的印度人民党（BJP）以及印度民族主义的鼓舞，已经将挥舞标语作为对爱国精神的考验。

Someprivate schools now require applicants to wish victory to Mother India. The BJPchief minister of Maharashtra says that anyone who avoids the words “has noplace in India”. Baba Ramdev, a yoga leader, upped the ante further byasserting that were it not for India’s constitution he would have “beheadedhundreds of thousands” for refusing to repeat the chant. Mother India will needto get her squabbling children in line before someone gets hurt.

一些私立学校现在要求申请者们说印度之母万岁。马哈拉施特拉邦的印度人民党首席部长表示任何回避这句话的人“在印度没有立足之地”。瑜伽领导者巴巴兰德夫，则变本加厉地声称如果不是印度法律的限制，他将把不愿重复这句话的几十万人都斩首。印度之母需要在她争吵的孩子们受伤之前把局势稳定下来。 


David_H87 inreply to 5 Whys
Apr8th, 19:51 Recommend 
That'snot what he said at all. This is what he said:

莫迪根本不是这么说的．他是这样说的：

"Addressingthe Indian diaspora in Seoul, Modi said, “There was a time when people used tofeel that what sin they committed in their past life which resulted in takingbirth in India, is this what you call a country and a government, is this howthe people are, let’s leave it and go somewhere else, and people did leave. NowI can say it with firm belief that intelligent people from all walks of life,renowned scientists too, even if they are earning big abroad but now they areeager and happy to come back and settle India for even lesser incomes,” hesaid."

在首尔对印度侨民的演讲，莫迪这样说道:“曾经有段时间，人们常常觉得是不是上辈子做了什么孽才导致他们出生在印度，这就是你所谓的国家，政府，这就是人民的处境，让我们离开这去别的地方吧，然后人们就离开了。但现在我可以信念坚定的说，各行各业的聪明人，着名科学家也不例外，即便他们可以在国外赚更多钱，但现在他们渴望并高兴回到印度定居，赚少一点的钱。

Hebasically says the opposite. I got that quote from the article you linked. Didyou even read your own article? He basically was telling descendants of theIndian diaspora that India is hopeful and dignified place to live now.

他基本上说的和你声称的相反。我是从你给的文章链接引述的。你读过你自己给的那篇文章了吗？他主要是在告诉印度裔的侨民后代印度现在是一个充满希望的，可以有尊严生活的地方。

kommonsenses Apr 8th, 13:30 Recommend 
if'in god we trust' is OK, why shouldn't 'Bharat Mata ki jai' be?

如果“我们信仰上帝”（美元上印的一句话）可以的话，为什么“印度之母万岁”不行？

perhapsthe chant should be de-hindu to mean just 'victory to mother india' and not anydeity, then all is well for all Indians (muslins and Christians included) onthis matter.

或许这个口号应该取消宗教含义，只留下“印度母亲万岁”而没有神的含义，这样对所有印度人（包括穆斯林和基督徒）来说就万事大吉了。

guest-ojslnmi Apr 8th, 19:51 Recommend 
Isthis the best Economist can do?Thisarticle was a waste of time.Thelast sentence was extremely patronizing. Who do you think you are exactly?

这就是经济学人能做到的最好的程度？这篇文章就是在浪费时间。最后一句话极其傲慢。你以为你是谁？

guest-noesaajApr9th, 07:31 Recommend 
ConsideringIndia as mother and saying victory to her. how could a sane person residing inIndia ,have any objection about it. Unless their loyalties are somewhere else ,in that case it can be understandable.

把印度看成母亲，祝她万岁。怎么会有一个居住在印度的理智的人对此有任何异议呢？除非他们忠诚于其他国家，那样的话是可以理解的。

minfjordin replyto 5 WhysApr8th, 16:22 Recommend 
Notyour concern. You are a Pakistani. Restore freedom to Balochistan. That is thecore political issue on the subcontinent today. A free Balochistan will restorethe natural order. Then we can talk about the other things also.

不关你的事。你是个巴基斯坦人。恢复俾路支省的自由才是南亚次大陆如今的核心政治问题。一个自由的俾路支省将会恢复自然秩序。然后我们才可以谈其他事情。

anandmaprApr9th, 12:19 Recommend 
Fortunately,whenever there is any effort to thrust religion or patriotism down our throatsthere is loud dissent. The loudest of the protests come from liberal Hindus whodon't want to see their beliefs thrust on people. The world needs moreliberals.

幸运的是，每当有任何企图强行推广宗教或爱国主义让我们接受的时候总有强烈的不同意见。最响亮的抗议来自于自由派的印度教徒，他们不希望把信仰强加于人们。世界需要更多自由主义者。

RudyFApr9th, 02:47 Recommend 
"Words,words, words! I'm so sick of words. I get words all day through, first fromhim, now from you. Is that all you blighters can do?" from the movie, MyFair Lady

“许诺，许诺，许诺！我厌倦了许诺。我一天到晚都能得到许诺，开始是他，现在是你。这就是你们这些可恶的人能做的？”——电影《窈窕淑女》

Gasbags,that what we are. Talk, talk, talk ... but very little substantive action.

我们是夸夸其谈的人。说、说、说... ...但很少有实质性的行动。

Asfor our leaders, we've got to stop listening to what they say and examine whatthey actually do!

对于我们的领导人，我们应该停止听他们在说什么，去检查他们实际做了什么！

Asfor us, enough with the yakking ... and rituals (aka "pretendstuff"). Can we actually focus on our actions. Look around you: wereligiously go to temples, churches and mosques, but the minute we are out ofthere our actions reveal our disdain for our environment, our animals and our fellowhumans.

对于我们，受够了絮絮叨叨... ...和例行公事（又名假装的东西）。我们能不能实际关注我们的行动。看看你的周围：我们虔诚地去寺庙、教堂和清真寺，可是当我们出来的时候，我们的行动暴露了我们对环境、动物和人类同胞的不屑一顾。

Indiahas the ultimate role model in Gandhi, whose words were invariably backed byaction. I think he's the one who said, "Be the change you want tosee". That's a call to action, not empty chanting!

印度以甘地作为终极榜样，他的话总是为行动做背书。我想他说过“去做你想要看到的改变”。这是一个行动的号召，不是空泛的口号！ 

indicaApr9th, 10:39 Recommend 
Aneedless controversy. But,there is a background. For nearly 50 years, theCongress Party and others copying it, made large political gains by knockingHinduism and Hindu culture. Worse, they shaped a Muslim vote bank, byrelentlessly pandering to Islamism at the same time. That and the changingdemography in many parts of India, such as Assam and West Bengal, with Muslimnumbers increasing and Hindu ones dwindling, insecurity is the result.

不必要的争议。但是有一个背景。近五十年来，国大党和其他仿效者，通过打击印度教和印度文化谋取了很大的政治利益。更糟的是，他们还通过不懈的迎合伊斯兰教塑造了穆斯林票仓。这个原因加上印度多地区人口比例的变化，比如阿萨姆邦和西孟加拉邦穆斯林数量的上升和印度教人口的下降，结果只能是危险。

guest-noemeenApr7th, 17:56 Recommend
Greeatarticle. Democracy means not enforcing beliefs of anything on anyone andclearly India has lot the plot.

很棒的文章。民主意味着不强制任何人信仰任何事物，很明显印度有强烈的情结。

guest-llswsamApr9th, 07:42 Recommend 
GodBless America ! this is what we say in US. No? whether it is immigrant,tourist, student or citizen? anybody differs?

上帝保佑美国！这就是我们在美国说的。不是？无论是移民、旅游者、学生或是公民？有任何人不同吗？ 

TS2912inreply to guest-llswsamApr9th, 18:34 Recommend 
Thedifference is... *no one* is forced to say it

区别在于... ...*没有人*是被迫说“上帝保佑美国”的

guest-naialwminreply to RudyFApr9th, 05:13 Recommend 
Well,India's current Gandhi (Rahul Gandhi) is exactly that --- he talks stupid, actsstupid, and in fact, is "genuinely" stupid.

那么，印度现在这个甘地（拉胡尔·甘地）正是这样——他说话愚蠢，举动愚蠢，而且事实上，他是“真正的”（血统上的）愚蠢。

Peoplelike him, Trump and Rob Ford are why I love politics. All you need is a TV, abottle of beer, and one of them speaking :)

我喜欢政治的原因就在于有他、特朗普和罗布·福特这样的人。你需要的仅仅是一台电视，一瓶啤酒和一场他们的演讲:)

5WhysApr8th, 07:58 Recommend 
Patriotism?In Korea, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said he is ashamed of being bornin India;
http://www.livemint.com/Politics/zU0Hd9RA9UqbGuR31XPCYN/Modi-panned-for-ashamed-of-being-born-Indian-remark.html

爱国主义？印度总理莫迪在韩国说他对出生在印度感到羞耻；