吸干：中国雄心勃勃的的“海绵城市”计划 [英国媒体]

Soak it up: China’s ambitious plan to solveurban flooding with ‘sponge cities’

吸干：中国雄心勃勃的用以解决城市内涝的“海绵城市”计划



Can the might of the Chinese governmentovercome complex needs and investor disinterest to deliver an ambitiousprogramme to save China’s 450 million urban inhabitants from floods?

中国政府能否克服复杂需求和投资者的冷漠从而开展一项雄心勃勃的计划以拯救中国4.5亿城市居民免遭洪水困扰？

Flooding causes more economic, social andhumanitarian damage than any other natural disaster and has affected 2.3billion people over the past 20 years, according to research from the Global Resilience Partnership. China has been particularly affected. Thisyear saw the worst floods in the country since 1998. In July 150 people were killed incentral and northern China after intense rainfall.

根据GlobalResilience Partnership机构的研究，比起其他自然灾害，洪水引发了更多的经济，社会和人道主义破坏，过去20年来已经影响到了23亿人口。中国受到的影响尤其巨大。今年中国遇到了98年以来最大的洪水。7月份，在强降水后，中国东部和北部共有150人死亡。

Anunprecedented scale

前所未有的规模



In December 2013 President Xi Jipingannounced a national plan to combat flooding in China’s cities– inhabitedby 450 million people. “He said that during the upgrade of urban drainageinfrastructure they should make it a priority to retain valuable waterresources and to utilise the natural system to achieve drainage, to establishnatural retention, natural infiltration and natural purification – like asponge city,” says Zhao.

2013年12月份，习近平主席宣布了一项在拥有4.5亿人口的中国城市进行抗洪的全国性计划。“他说在城市排水基建升级的过程中应该将储蓄可用水资源以及利用自然系统进行排水作为重中之重，从而实现自然储存，自然过滤和自然净化的目标——就像一座海绵城市”来自英国奥雅纳工程顾问公司上海办公室的水管理专家赵先生如是说。

Initially 16 cities were selected as pilotsfor China’s “sponge cities” programme, but eventually it will be rolled outnationally. Designers will concede to the wisdom of nature to ensure water isabsorbed when there’s an excess: instead of water-resistant concrete, permeablematerials and green spaces will be used to soak up rainfall, and rivers and streamswill be interconnected so that water can flow away from flooded areas.

最初会有16座中国城市成为中国“海绵城市”项目的试点城市，但是最终将在全国范围内展开。设计者将借助自然之智慧，保证多余的降水被吸收：不是用抗水的混泥土，而是用渗透性材料和绿色空间来吸收多余的降水，河流和水流将相互连接，这样一来雨水就可以流出洪区。

The ambitious project is being funded bycentral government (15-20%), local government and the private sector. Thecentral government is giving eachcity 400m yuan (￡46m) a year for the first three years. In return, 20%of the chosen cities must be constructed to a sponge city standard by 2020, and80% by 2030. All of the pilot cities need to have completed the pilot areaconstruction by 2017.

这个雄心勃勃的计划将由中央政府（15-20%），地方政府以及私人部门一起出资建设。前三年中央政府将给每个城市每年4亿元。作为回报，被选城市中的20%必须在 2020年前建成海绵城市的标准，另外80%在2030年。所有试点城市必须在2017年前完成试验区域建设。

The sponge city programme takes inspirationfrom low impact development in the US, water sensitive urban design inAustralia and sustainable drainage systems in the UK.

这个海绵城市项目的灵感来源于美国的低影响开发、澳洲的水敏感都市设计以及英国的可持续排水系统。

But nothing at this scale has ever beenattempted before. “The sponge city programme is more comprehensive andambitious,” says WenMei Ha, head of the China water management team at Arcadis,an international urban consultancy which was appointed to this plan by thegovernment.

但是这样的规模是前所未有的。“海绵城市计划更加的综合和雄心勃勃，”凯迪思的中国水管理团队负责人哈文眉如是说，这是一家国际性的城市咨询总司，受命于政府来开展这个计划。


Roland Gilmore 14h ago
On behalf of special corporate interests,U.S. politicians made the People’s Republic of China the greatest manufacturingpower on earth and halted the traditional annual rise in wages of working menand women in the developed world. Now China is showing the rest of world thatsustainability policies can drive economic growth. Sadly, successive UKgovernments have wasted time and opportunity to take the lead in developingthese new technologies.

代表特殊企业利益的美国政治家让中国成为了世界上最伟大的制造商，并且导致了发达国家工薪阶层年度工资上涨的停滞。现在中国向世界其他地方展示可持续性的政策可以推动经济的增长。悲伤的是，历届英国政府浪费了时间和机会，没能引领这些新技术的发展。

closedmirror 23h ago
We also need sponge-countries to absorbChinese expansionism.

我们也需要海绵国家来吸收中国的扩张主义。

shanshuitianqi  closedmirror 22h ago
Oh dear, there had to be one didn't there.And here you are.
Yes, a few uninhabited outcrops of rocksand reefs claimed by China in 1947 and shared in that claim today by littleTaiwan. No genocide, no ethnic cleansing, no indigenous folk rounded up andleft to fester in paltry reservations.

哦，亲爱的，有一个国家确实如此，不就是你们国家吗。
是的，1947年中国宣称几个无人居住的露出水面的岩礁为自己的领土，如今小小的台湾也声称对这些岩礁具有主权。没有种族灭绝，没有种族清洗，没有围捕土着人并只给他们留下一点点的保留地。

ashleyhk shanshuitianqi 14h ago
Which just happen to be in other countriesEEZ, have no historical or legal basis and are not recognized by any othercountry or international body.

而这些岩礁就碰巧位于其他国家的专属经济区，没有历史或者法律基础，不被其他国家和国际机构承认。

shanshuitianqi  ashleyhk 13h ago
Not at all, according to UNCLOS disputedislets and reefs negates extending an EEZ pending resolution of said dispute ifsaid dispute preceded the attempted extension of the EEZ. For example Japan'sdodgy claim to the Senkaku prevents Taiwan extending an EEZ north of it'sshores.

不，根据联合国海洋法公约，如果岛礁在专属经济区建立之前就存在争议，那么在争议还没有解决之前，是不可能在有争议地建立专属经济区的。举个例子，日本对钓鱼岛的虚假宣称就导致台湾无法在其北岸构成专属经济区。

shanshuitianqi  ashleyhk 11h ago
Anyway, stop letting yourself be played.You missed my point, that poster has strayed massively off topic.
Imagine there were an article about a newGM car out of Detroit, and people started whining whatabout Guantanamo,whatabout the 200,000 Muslim civilians blasted to pieces and the global chaoscaused since 9/11? It would be massively off topic. There are plenty ofarticles on the topic of the SCS, in my view far too many, just as there areplenty of articles about US foreign policy to discuss those issues in context.

无论如何，不要让你自己被耍了。你没听懂我的意思，那张海报离题了。
想象一下有一篇文章说的是底特律新产的一辆通用汽车，然后人们谈论的却是关塔那摩监狱，20万穆斯林被炸成碎片，以及全球混乱导致911发生。这就是离题了。有很多文章写的是南海的话题，在我看来真是太多了，就像有很多有关美国外交政策的文章来具体的讨论以上所提到的议题一样。

canbeanybody  ashleyhk 6h ago
The UNCLOS does not require China to renderChinese sovereignty over Chinese South China Sea and China does not sign awayChinese ownership inside the 9-dashed line.
Despite their eager those American elitehave no right to "represent" Filipinos or Vietnamese unless they areasked to. At the moment Filipinos are asking the American elite to respect thesovereignty of Philippine while Vietnam is still waiting for the billionscompensation from those American elite over the war damages and sufferings byVietnamese.

联合国海洋法公约并没有要求中国放弃南海主权，中国也没有签字放弃九段线内的中国所有权。
尽管美国精英很是心切，但是他们没有权利“代表”菲律宾人或者越南人，除非得到请求。目前，菲律宾人要求美国精英尊重菲律宾的主权，而越南人现在则要求美国精英就越南人所遭受的战争破坏和苦难进行赔偿。

Alex Wijaya 23h ago
Battling flood has been in China's foremostmission for survival since ancient time.

自古以来，抵抗洪灾就是中国人最重要的生存任务。

ashleyhk 2d ago
One of the reasons why this is such anissue in China is that the infrastructure for dealing with this is hiddenunderground and not visible to visiting dignitaries. Therefore, not such a highpriority.
The worst example I personally experiencedwas in Shanghai, after a tremendous storm which caused the sewage system toback up and overflow caking the area between Nanjing Lu and Huahai Lu inexcrement, which baked hard the next day.
Not nice

中国洪水这么严重的原因之一是因为抵抗洪水的基础设施都隐藏在地下，导致来访的高官看不到。因此，不是优先考虑的事项。
我在上海最糟糕的经历是在一场大暴雨后，导致下水道上涌，致使南京路和淮海路被粪便包围，第二天又被太阳暴晒。
很不好。

canbeanybody  ashleyhk 2d ago
Flood water is just flood water and it isnot nice anywhere in this world.
With a few hundreds mm rainfall in a spaceof a single hour it is liable to cause flash flood and it shall happen anywherein the world, not only just Shanghai.
Shanghai is not that much above the sealevel hence it would be more a challenge to eliminate all flash floods.

洪水就是洪水，世界任何地方发生了洪水都不是美好的经历。
一小时内降雨达几百毫米，是非常容易引发洪水的，任何地方都这样，不仅仅是上海。
上海海拔低，所以要消灭所有洪水就更加不易了。

shanshuitianqi 2d ago
Excellent. We all need more "smartgrowth" and "green growth" in city planning. Especially here inChina.

很棒。城市规划中我们需要更多的“智能增长”和“绿色增长”。特别是在中国。