1/7的英国外卖餐馆的食品卫生检验失败 [英国媒体]

Revealed: one in seven UK takeaways have failed food hygiene tests

揭露：1/7的英国外卖餐馆的食品卫生检验失败

More than 7,000 takeaways and 8,000 restaurants have not passed inspections, with huge hygiene disparities nationwide

7000多家外卖和8000多家餐馆没有通过检查，各个地方的卫生条件存在巨大差别

【日期】2016年9月23日



One in 13 restaurants and one in seven takeaways in the UK have failed food hygiene inspections because they are dirty or have poor procedures, Guardian analysis shows.

据卫报分析数据表明，英国13分之1的餐馆和7分之1的外卖店食品卫生许可失效。

Examination of the food hygiene reports for more than 460,000 businesses found that almost 30,000, or 6.4%, had failed their inspections, including more than 7,000 takeaways and 8,000 restaurants.

食品卫生报告发现，46万商家中至少三万家，占到6.4%的卫生许可失效了，其中包括8000家餐馆和7000家外卖店。

The Food Standards Agency data also reveals huge food safety problems in some areas of the country, with some local authorities failing more than 20% of food establishments and about 50% of takeaways and sandwich shops.

食品标准局的数据也表明该国部分地区存在巨大的食品安全问题，一些当地政府对超过20%的食品经营场所管理不善，还包括50%的外卖及三明治店。

The FSA ranks all food providers with a score of zero to five. A zero rating signifies that the establishment “urgently requires improvement”: about 1,400 businesses currently have this score. Between zero and two is considered a failing grade, and three to five is satisfactory.

食品管理局对食品供应商进行0到5分的评分级制度管理，0到1分之间是迫切需要整改的，目前有1400家。0到2分之间也被认为是不合格的，3到5分则是令人满意的。

The ratings criteria are the same across England, Wales and Northern Ireland and each local authority is responsible for ranking food providers within its boundaries. Scotland uses a different system, awarding a grade of “pass and eat” to premises that exceed legal requirements of hygiene, “pass” to those that are broadly compliant, or “improvement required”.

英格兰，威尔士和北爱尔兰的评分标准是一样的，而当地的权威负责食品供应商在其地域内的排名。苏格兰使用的是另一套系统，高于法律要求卫生许可的授予“饮食通行证”，“通行证”表示各方面合格，或者“有需要改进的地方”。

The analysis revealed huge disparities in hygiene levels around the country, with some local authorities failing large numbers of food establishments and others failing only a handful.

分析显示，各地食品标准水平有巨大差异，一些地方没有食品安全机构，一些地区只有少数。

The 10 best areas in the country, ranked by the proportion of food premises that pass inspections, are the Orkney Islands, north Devon, South Ayrshire, Torridge, Harrogate, Cannock Chase, west Dorset, Suffolk coastal, Anglesey and Daventry.

通过检查排名下来110个最好的食品安全区域有，奥克尼群岛，北部德文区，南部托里奇、哈罗盖特、坎诺克蔡斯，西赛特、萨福克海岸、安格尔西岛和达文特里。

The 10 worst areas in the country are Newham, Edinburgh, the Shetland Islands, Islington, Hyndburn, Harrow, Hertsmere, Midlothian, Luton and Ealing.

而10个最糟糕的则是，纽汉、爱丁堡、设得兰群岛、伊斯灵顿、欣德本，哈罗，赫茨米尔，中洛锡安郡，卢顿和伊令。



The scores also varied across countries and regions. Ten per cent of establishments in Scotland have been awarded a failing grade (improvement required), compared with 6% in England, 5% in Wales and 2% in Northern Ireland.

各地区得分也不同。在苏格兰有10%的机构会给予不及格（对于那些需要改善的店），英格兰是6%，威尔士和北爱尔兰则有2%。

Businesses are not required to display their food hygiene scores in England and Scotland. In November 2013, Wales made it mandatory for food establishments to publicly display their ratings, which led to a significant improvement in safety. This mandatory display policy will be introduced in Northern Ireland on 7 October.

在英格兰和苏格兰，企业不需要公布他们的食品得分情况。2013年11月，威尔士要求企业们必须公布其食品得分情况，这显然会对食品安全有很大改善。北爱尔在10月7日也将推出这一强制性政策。
 


Schools, colleges and universities received the best scores nationwide of any type of food establishment, with less than than 1% given a failing rating. Takeaways and sandwich shops received the worst scores, with 15% judged to be below par.

学校、学院和大学获得了最高的食品安全评级，只有不到1%的未达标。外卖店和三明治店则是占据了最糟糕得分榜，15%的不合格率。

There are 32 local authorities where more than 25% of takeaways failed to pass food safety inspections. Newham in east London had the highest fail rate for takeaways (50.4%), meaning that customers there were more likely to walk into a takeaway that had failed its inspection than one that had passed. A high proportion of takeaways also failed in Epsom and Ewell (46.2%), Edinburgh (38.2%), Manchester (34%), Birmingham (33.8%) and Islington (32.2%).

32个当地机构表示超过四分之一的外卖店食品卫生不合格。伦敦东部的纽汉不合格率最高（50.4%），这意味着顾客有更多的可能性买到卫生不合格的食品。外卖卫生不合格率较高的地方还有爱普森和尤厄尔（46.2%）、爱丁堡（38.2%）、曼彻斯特（34%）、伯明翰（33.8%）和伊斯灵顿（32.2%）。

Newham also had the worst overall results in London, with 26% of businesses in the borough receiving a score of zero to two.

纽汉也是伦敦地区总体数据最差的，该区有26%的商家得分位于0到2之间。

Only 73 businesses in the country have the worst possible score (a zero overall) and maximum marks (80 out of 80) for concerns about food hygiene, the structure of premises and confidence in management. Of these, 35 are in Birmingham.

在全国仅有73家企业得分可能比较糟（综合分为零）而最高分数的企业（80或80以上）包括食品卫生，建筑结构和信用管理行业。其中，有35家在伯明翰。

While cafe and restaurant chains tended to have very high safety and hygiene ratings, several branches of large chains currently have the worst possible score: Chopstix Noodle Bar in Liverpool, the Poundbakery and Poundcafe at St John’s shopping centre in Liverpool; the Adelphi hotel in Liverpool, which is part of the Britannia Hotels group, and a Costcutter supermarket in Great Hampton Row, Birmingham.

咖啡店和连锁餐厅往往有很高的安全性和卫生评级，大型连锁店目前可能出现的最糟糕得分是：利物浦的Chopstix Noodle Bar，位于利物浦圣约翰购物中心的Poundbakery 和Poundcafe附近；还有利物浦的阿德尔菲饭店，隶属于不列颠尼亚酒店集团，以及伯明翰大汉普顿巷的一家Costcutter 超市。

Poundbakery and Poundcafe, Chopstix Noodle Bar and Costcutter said the branches had closed temporarily to deal with hygiene issues, but have since reopened and been deemed to have addressed urgent concerns, and are awaiting inspections to rescore their premises. The Adelphi did not wish to comment.

Poundbakery 和Poundcafe, Chopstix面馆以及 Costcutter表示，有卫生问题的分店已经关门整顿了，完毕后会重新开放，至于在等待检查重新获得许可的得分的情况，阿德尔菲表示不想多做评论。



While a zero-rated restaurant will not necessarily be shut down, it will be subject to follow-up inspections and required to address urgent concerns within 28 days of the original visit. The business can then either pay ￡160 to be reassessed or wait until its next scheduled assessment, usually about six months later, to potentially be given a new score.

事实是得分0到1级别的餐厅可能不会被关闭，它需要在28天内整顿好之后接受新的检查。商人要么付160英镑的评估费用或者等待下一次的固定评估到来，通常是6个月以后了，一般新评估都会重新得到一个分数。

Matthew Collins, a principal environmental health officer at Newham council, said a score of zero had to be taken seriously as it indicated a “cumulative failure of management”.

马修柯林斯，是纽汉环境卫生健康署的卫生官员，他说，0到1分的评级表明它的管理非常混乱必须认真对待。

“That would be a failure to keep clean, a failure to maintain accurate temperatures, a failure to disinfect and a failure to have any constructive plan to manage it and/or an infestation of pests. It would be a premises you’d walk into and you’d draw breath,” he said.

“这会是个清洁度失败的地方，温度不达标，消毒不合格没有好的清洁程序和避免虫鼠入侵多的管理规章。你会对此大吃一惊的。”他说。

“We’re talking about premises we’ve been into where there’s sewage running over the floor, or you stand there and you see something moving out of the corner of your eye, combined with management that have no hold on how to rectify the situation and have obviously let it get into a bad situation with no plan for the future. It’s bad.”

“我们讨论的这种厨房，地板上污水流淌，你随便站在那里就能看见墙角处有什么东西正在爬出来，整体管理混乱，根本没人想去怎么改善下，显然让他继续开下去会很糟。这是一塌糊涂。”

Michael Harding, a food hygiene rating scheme support officer at the FSA, said: “I wouldn’t eat at a zero-rated business. The message from the FSA would be: ‘If it’s got a zero, don’t take the risk.’ Ninety-four per cent of food businesses have a rating of three or better, so there is plenty of choice to eat at a place where they take food hygiene more seriously.”

迈克尔哈丁，一个在FSA食品等级卫生方案的官员表示，我从不去评级0到1分的地方吃饭。FSA提醒说“如果知道哪个地方的评分是0 ，千万别冒险。有百分之94得分在3分甚至更高的食品店可以供你选择呢，他们的卫生把控更严格。”

How to read the ratings

如何读懂等级分类

5 Very good - Expect a place with the maximum score to take food safety seriously: all materials and surfaces are clean and in good condition, procedures are in place to prevent cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods, and there will be clear instructions on how to disinfect work surfaces and how to store food. Staff will be properly trained and all records up to date.

5非常棒——超出预期的食品卫生安全条件：所有材料用品都有很好的存放条件并且表面干净，有防止生熟食品交叉感染的程序，且有明确的指示如何对餐具用品和工作间进行消毒以及如何保存食材。并有对员工进行培训和最新的记录。

4 Good - The place is generally doing well. It might lose points for issues such as not recording cooking temperatures or using materials in the kitchen that are less durable or not as easy to clean.

4好——这类地方一般都做的比较好。他也许会有些失分点比如不记录食品烹调的温度啊或者厨房的材料是否不太耐用或是不好清洁之类的。

3 Generally satisfactory - A premises might get a score of three for lacking a designated and properly stocked wash hand basin, for storing food at higher temperatures than required and having food safety records, but not in order.

3一般——这类地方可能会因为没有按照要求在指定的地方正确安放洗手盆得了三分，或者是烹饪实物的温度比记录的安全温度要高，又或者摆放次序不够好。

2 Improvement necessary - A score of two might indicate that the storage and preparation area for food is in a poor state of repair, with kitchen floors, walls or ceilings needing replacing. Also cleaning standards might need improvement, and the premises might be failing in areas such as inadequate procedures for cooling cooked foods, as well as some records missing or incomplete.

2必须改进——得两分的地方通常存放食品区和烹饪区的环境都不够好，比如厨房地板，墙壁，天花板需要更换。也可能是需要改进清洁标准和不到位的地方，比方说，冷热食品处理程序不够完善，以及一些记录丢失或者不完整等。

1 Much improvement necessary - A premises might get a score of one for cross-contamination of raw and cooked food, having a hand basin that is difficult to access, the kitchen requiring more cleaning, having inadequate records and having staff not trained in food safety.
1很多地方需要改进——评价为一分的餐厅，通常避免熟食和生食交叉感染方面表现不佳，只有一个洗手盆也是不达标的，厨房需要深度清洁，记录不完整，相关从业人员没有经过食品安全的培训。

0 Urgent improvement necessary - A premises gets a score of zero if it raises enough concerns on issues of structure, hygiene and management. All of the concerns raised above, plus not having adequate systems in place, such as staff training and procedures for monitoring cleaning and temperatures. A pest infestation, particularly if mice, rats or cockroaches come into contact with food or where there is no evidence of management investing in pest control, will lead to a score of zero and probably result in the premises being shut down while it deals with the problem.

0急需整顿改进——0分的商户一般存在结构，卫生和管理方面的问题。以及合理的系统，比如员工培训，食物温度监测和厨房清洁。尤其需要提及的是虫害，还有老鼠，如果没有很好的控制蟑螂和老鼠的数量或者避免虫鼠接触到食物的规程，就会得到一个大大的鸭蛋，并且有可能被关门大吉。

David Pierce, a food safety inspector for 13 years and the principal environmental health officer at Rossendale borough council in Lancashire, said there were a number of reasons for the varying scores across authorities. “You need to look at the types of businesses. A five in a pub, which just does wet sales [drinks], is different to a five in a restaurant; it’s easier to meet the requirements,” he said.

大卫皮尔斯，兰开夏郡区议会地区从业13年的食品安全监督员，他表示，不能地区额的部分针对同一问题也会有不同的分数。这要看企业的主营业务，一个5分的酒馆，专门销售饮料酒水的，它的5分标准和餐馆就不同，酒馆达标更容易些。

Inspectors can take legal action against businesses that fail to meet standards. In the year ending April 2016, more than 100 successful prosecutions were concluded against food businesses, resulting in penalties of community service, suspended sentences, fines of up to ￡90,000 and, in one instance, a three-month prison term.

对不达标的商户检查人员可以采取法律行动。截止2016年4月，有一百多起针对食品行业的成功诉讼，惩罚手段从社区服务，缓刑，到罚款9万磅都有，还有一个案子里被判了三个月监禁。

In 2014-15, more than 160,000 food hygiene enforcement actions were issued nationwide, most of which were written warnings (businesses can be issued with multiple actions). Other sanctions included more than 1,000 cases of voluntary closure – in which an establishment agrees to shut while it improves standards – 416 cases of the seizure, detention and surrender of food, and 26 instances of a suspension or revocation of approval of licence.

2014到2015年间，全国有16万多件的食品安全行动，其中大部分是书面警告。其他惩处手段包括有一千多个自愿停业关闭的——其中一例关门整顿直到达标——416例在押，拘留和查处不干净食物的，以及26例暂停和撤销卫生许可证的。



Food premises can be inspected as regularly as every six months. For lower-risk businesses, or those with repeatedly high scores, the frequency of inspections can be reduced to once every few years.

食品监察通常半年定期检查。对那些高分户和较低风险的企业，可以延长至几年一次检查。

Enforcement officers also follow up complaints made by the public. In the year ending March 2015, there were more than 70,000 customer grievances about food establishments. Pierce’s team of inspectors in Rossendale most commonly receive complaints about Indian takeaways, which he described as “unfair”.

执法人员还会跟进市民的投诉。截止2015年3月，有7万户表示对食品企业不满。皮尔斯的团队在罗森代尔接到最多投诉的是印度外卖，他表示这有失公允。

“People make these assumptions. Asian food is far more heavily spiced and people don’t necessarily take into account [that] the spicy nature of the food might have an effect on them. The other thing they say is: ‘It was the last thing I ate.’ But they ate it at 2am after six pints and they wonder why they feel sick in the morning,” he said.

“人们会得出一些假设。亚洲食物用了大量香料，人们不会去考虑这些辛辣的香料会对他们有啥影响。通常只会说，我最后一顿饭就吃的这玩意。他们两点吃完这个后又喝了6品脱酒水，然而他们还想知道为啥第二天早上起来不舒服了。”他说。

However, food safety officers also deal with legitimate complaints, from the relatively minor – one of Pierce’s team is investigating how a sticking plaster found its way on to a customer’s pizza – to more serious incidents, such as E coli in mixed salad leaves.

当然，食品安全员也处理合法的投诉。小一点的比如——皮尔斯的团队正在调查的顾客的披萨里如何出现了石灰——严重点的，沙拉中发现了大肠杆菌。