新的非洲争夺战：为什么中国赢了 [英国媒体]

-------------译者：Robin_lbh-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------



 Ethiopia’s light rail system was built mainly with Chinese money

埃塞俄比亚的轻轨系统主要是由中国人投资建设的。

Addis Ababa has a surprise in store for those who haven’t visited in two years. Cutting through the heart of this booming city where construction cranes are the most persistent feature of the skyline is the Addis Ababa Light Rapid Transit (AALRT) network. It rears up suddenly at Meskel Square which until 2013 gazed out onto an expanse of chaotic traffic. The traffic now bustles beneath the shadow of what is only the second metro ever built south of the Sahara.

亚的斯亚贝巴会让那些两年没到过这个城市的人感到吃惊。穿过这个天际线都是建筑起重机的新兴城市的中心的是它的轻轨网络AALRT。它突然出现在Meskel广场，一个直到2013年，交通看上去还是一片混乱的广场。但这仅仅是在撒哈拉以南地区已建的第二条地铁，交通状况仍然过于拥挤。

On the back of the green and white trains that trundle up and down the line are not one but two logos: the Ethiopian Railways Corporation and next to it the logo of the giant state-owned China Railway Group (CREC).

在线路上运行的绿色和白色相间的火车的尾部有两个LOGO，一个是“埃塞俄比亚铁路集团”，另一个紧挨着的是中国大型国有铁路集团CREC，即中国铁路工程总公司。

-------------译者：Robin_lbh-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------



Nova Cidade de Kilamba a Chinese built city in Angola acquired a reputation as a ghost town after it was largely unoccupied for several years.

Nova Cidade de Kilamba，一个中国在安哥拉建设的城市，因为多年巨大的空置率被冠以鬼城的称号。

How did China get involved in developing an African metropolis that westerners tend to associate with famine and death? And this is just one project among many across the continent. In 2014 alone China signed more than ￡56bn in construction contracts across Africa. Since the turn of the century Chinese firms have built stadiums highways airports schools hospitals and in Angola an entire city that still stands empty. China has pumped hundreds of billions of dollars into African governments and infrastructure. In return it has reaped hundreds of billions in commodities.

中国是如何介入到被西方人更多认为是和饥饿和死亡联系在一起的非洲城市的开发的？而且这只是中国在这块大陆上众多项目中的一个。单2014年，中国就在非洲签署了高达560亿英镑的建筑合同。从本世纪开始，中国公司就建了体育场、高速公路、机场、学校和医院，但是在安哥拉，整个城市仍然空置着。中国已经给非洲的政府和基础设施投资了超过几千亿美元。作为回报，中国从中获得千亿美元的商品贸易。

Few in Africa are certain that there is fair quid pro quo at play here. Is this the dawn of a new colonialism they wonder a new scramble for Africa in which the continent is once again left in tatters? Or is it the beginning of an era during which Africans shake off old colonial masters and look elsewhere for direct investment and aid? 

在非洲很少人确信这是一场公平的交易。人们想知道这是一场把非洲大陆重新掠夺一空新殖民主义？还是说这是一个摆脱老殖民统治者并寻找直接投资和援助的新纪元？

-------------译者：Robin_lbh-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------



Tazara crossing bridge in Zambia. The line was paid for in full by the Chinese

坦赞铁路穿过位于赞比亚的一座桥梁。整条铁路都是由中国人援建的。

The Light Railway goes some way to answering these questions. The project dates back to December 2011 when the idea for a 34.25km electrified light railwaysecured funds from Exim Bank of China. Construction for the 39-station project began in 2013 and the metro opened in September 2015 well ahead of schedule.

轻轨在某种程度上解释了这些疑问。这个项目要追溯到2011年的12月，这个34.25公里长的电气化铁路项目从中国进出口银行筹得资金。有着39个站的项目始于2013年，地铁在2015年的9月份提前开通。

The line has cost $475m 85% of which was loaned by Chinese policy banks or enterprises. The project was a collaboration between CREC and the Ethiopian Railways Corporation the junior partner while the Shenzen Metro Group and CREC will serve as operations managers for the next five years until a planned handover to the local rail authorities.

线路总共花费了4.75亿美金，其中的85%都是由中国政策性银行和企业提供贷款。项目由中国铁路工程总公司和资浅合伙人埃塞俄比亚铁路集团合作，同时，深圳地铁集团和中铁工程总公司一起营运最初的前五年，直到计划移交给当地的铁路所有方。


-------------译者：lxlewis-审核者：BXHin1995------------

Alex Wijaya 14h ago
The west leave Africa in ruin and scowl when the Chinese come and brought prosperity in short time. Sure there are flaws nobody is perfect. The west spent billions of dollars of so called "aid" mainly on their own so called "aid workers" who live like a king in Africa. While the Chinese spent billions of dollars on developing the infrastructure while Chinese managers and engineers are living in spartan life. All so the Africans can get the best bangs for the bucks.

西方国家离开了非洲，留下一片废墟和愤怒。而中国来了，在短时间内带来了繁荣。当然没有人是完美的，都有缺陷。西方国家花费数十亿美元在他们自己所谓的”援助工人“身上，其实这些“援助人员”在非洲生活得像个国王。而中国花费数十亿美元在非洲发展基础设施，但是中国的经理们和工程师们过着斯巴达式的生活。因为如此，非洲人可以得到最好的回报。

-------------译者：统而言之-审核者：伊织姫------------

MauMauKimathi 15h ago
If our experience in Kenya is anything to go by then the Chinese are a far more useful force for good than any Western country or coloniser was. Today if I want to drive from Nairobi to Thika a distance of 40km I can on a 10-lane highway. Nairobi's infamous traffic jams are easing thanks to superb (lets drop the lie the Chinese are really first-class engineers!) Chinese-built by-passes and over-passes. If I want to watch a game of football I'll do so at the Chinese built Nyayo or Kasarani national stadiums in Nairobi. If I get sick I could be treated at the Chinese-built and equipped Mama Lucy Hospital in the east of Nairobi.

肯尼亚发生的一切很能说明问题，中国人给肯尼亚带来的好处比任何一个西方国家或者过去那些殖民主都要多得多。如今，如果我想开车从内罗毕到西卡，有一条10车道的高速公路可走。内罗毕臭名昭着的交通拥堵问题得以缓解，这要归功于中国人修建的极好的立交桥和高架桥。（让我们停止谎言，中国人真的是最好的工程师！）如果我想看一场足球比赛，我会去内罗毕的尼亚约或者拉尼国家体育馆，这些也是中国人修建的。如果我生病了，我可能会去内罗毕东部中国人建造和装修的Mama Lucy医院看病。

I could go and on and on. Bu at the end of it all I'll ask what are the infrastructural developments that the West has helped us build over the last 60 years? True its not the role of Britain Canada and others to build our infrastructure but listening to many here it is as if the rapacious West was the best thing that happened to Africa. In fact it's probably the worst thing. The Chinese build roads railways airports etc etc without much fuss; the West gives a few million dollars with endless conditions including employment of their own overpaid expatriates and crazily loop-sided economic partnerships.

这样的例子还有很多很多。然而最后我想问，在过去超过60年的时间里，西方国家在基建开发方面帮助过我们什么？是的，我们的基础建设不是英联邦加拿大这些殖民主的职责，而掠夺正式西方对非洲做的最好的事情吧。事实上，这可能是最坏的事情。中国人默默地修建公路、铁路、机场等等；而西方国家是给了我们几百万美元，却带了很多无边无际的附加条件，包括必须雇佣他们自己的超高工资的外派人员和疯狂的周边经济利益方合作关系。

It is a lie to say that most Africans think they are being recolonised by the Chinese. In fact we welcome them but politely ask them to leave our animals alone. It is because of their engagement that Africa has grown at an average 5-6 per cent since 2000. How fast was it growing before that when our old lords held sway?

如果有人说大多数非洲人认为他们被中国人再次殖民了，这一定是个谎言。事实上，我们欢迎中国人，还礼貌地请求他们不要捕猎我们的野生动物。由于中国人的参与，从2000年开始，非洲经济年平均增长率达到5-6个百分点。经济发展的多快啊！而那之前，我们的旧主统治下的情况又如何呢？

-------------译者：Robin_lbh-审核者：伊织姫------------

eyimola 15h ago
The real Colonialists never invested anything into the African continent. Thats why history doesnt really say nice things about them.

真正的殖民主义者是不会对非洲大陆做任何的投资的，这就是历史没有真正对他们做出好的评价的原因。

plaster_master 15h ago
Sorry Guardian how is this "neo-colonialism"? I don't see any Chinese military invading anyone in Africa forcing governments to submit to them or just stealing entire countries just businessmen and governments cutting deals both good and bad ...

请问什么叫“新殖民主义”？我没看到中国军队在非洲入侵哪个国家，强迫哪个政府屈服于他们或者掠夺哪个国家，有的只是商人以及政府之间好的或者不好的交易。。。

martyngp1  plaster_master 15h ago
..YET...

。。但是。。。

plaster_master  martyngp1 15h ago
I guess you can't conceive of the idea of anyone doing business in Africa without guns and/or condescension (vis. Europe). How sad.

难道在非洲一定要通过武力或者恩赐的态度（像欧洲那样）才能做生意吗。太悲伤了。

AenimaUK  plaster_master 3h ago
How did Britain gain control of India? The West also often just wanted to 'do business' with other states (see the Opium Wars). But business means profit profit means 'interests' and interests need to be protected. The colonial West wasn't uniquely evil just used its advantages in economic wealth and military power to protect and develop its global interests as the US does today and as the Chinese will do in future. It's 'just business'.

英国当初是怎么控制印度的？西方也经常只是想和其他国家“做生意”（参考鸦片战争）。但是生意以为着利润，利润意味着“利益”，而利益是需要被保护的。西方殖民者也不是唯一做这种坏事的人。就像现在的美国做的一样，只是在利用经济和军事优势来保护和发展他的全球利益。中国在将来也会这样做，这只是“生意”而已。

-------------译者：大汉故土-审核者：BXHin1995------------

Mangurra 13h ago
in Angola an entire city that still stands empty.
This is total and utter BS.

”在安哥拉，有一个城市至今都是空城“。 这完全是在胡说八道。

When the Portuguese left in 1975 there were no Universities in Angola not a single one. When students finished secondary school they could either go straight into the workforce or travel to Portugal to pursue higher education only the white Angolans and their decendants could afford to do that. Blacks were lucky to even finish secondary education.

葡萄牙人1975年离开的时候，安哥拉连一所大学都没有。学生中学毕业后，要么直接上工，要么去葡萄牙续集大学教育。但也只有安哥拉的白人和他们的后代才负担得起这样的费用。黑人能完成中学教育都算幸运的了。

Today there are over 30 higher education establishments (universities and polytechnics). Some are still lacking in quality but they are there and most were built by the chinese.
After almost 30 years of a brutal civil war (lets not mention CIA KGB MI6 DGSE involvement) the country had no infrastructure the very little infrastructure the portuguese had left in 1975 was completely obliterated.

今天，安哥拉已经有超过30所高等院校。（大学和理工院校）有些院校虽然教育质量仍有欠缺，但是好歹现在我们有大学了。而且大部分都是中国人修建的。
在30年残忍的内战后（更别提CIA，克格勃，MI6，法国对外安全总局的介入），这个国家已经没有了基建，葡萄牙人在1975年留下的那一点基建都被完全摧毁了。

in 14 years of peace with a little help from the chinese the country has built brand new highways bridges schools hospitals hydroelectric power plants rebuilt the railway system airports and so on. Most of the "WEST" stood there pontificating and finger wagging.
The deals were most probably shady with lots of kickbacks and hefty commissions (see Sam Pa and the 88 Queensway Group) but things got done.
Whrever a chinese company signs a contract the following firms have a bad business day: 
KBR; Cerberus Capital Management; Washington Group International; IAP Worldwide Services; Environmental Chemical Corporation; L-3 Communications Holdings; Fluor Corporation; Perini Corporation; Orascom Construction Industries; Parsons Corporation; Blackwater USA; Tetra Tech; AMEC; Laguna Pueblo (Laguna Construction); AECOM Technology; Toltest; Lockheed Martin; Weston Solutions; Red Star Enterprises etc. etc.

在14年的和平岁月里，中国人帮助我们修建了新的高速公共路、桥梁、学校、医院和水力发电厂。重建了铁路系统和机场等等设施。而大多数西方国家仅仅只是站在一边夸夸其谈，指手画脚。虽然大多数项目背后都充斥着佣金、回扣等黑幕。（如Sam Pa，和 the 88 Queensway 集团）但是该完成的项目都完成了。中国公司任何一个新合同的达成，都会让以下公司遭受损失如：美国的凯洛格·布朗·路特集团、博龙资产管理有限公司、华盛顿国际集团等等。（公司名字太多，大多是美国的，就不一一翻译了）

The chinese ventured into Africa and are reaping the benefits.
African nations have to develop into a relationship where know how is left behind so they can maintain the big infrastructure projects.

中国人冒险涉足非洲，不过也攫取了足够的利益。
非洲国家不得不与中国人发展关系，这样才能获得中国人的技术，从而维持自己的大型基建项目。

-------------译者：s555555555-审核者：BXHin1995------------

AenimaUK  Mangurra 2h ago
And why exactly would the Chinese want to do that? If they're just in Africa to make money by doing business surely it is in their interest to keep Africans dependent on China for as long as possible?

所以中国人那样做的真正意图是什么呢？如果他们只是去非洲做生意赚钱的话，不是应该尽可能让非洲人保持依赖他们才对吗？

INTERNETPATROLLER 9h ago
The current relationship between African societies and China cannot by any stretch of the imagination be described as "colonialist." On the contrary the peoples of Africa and the people of China are working closely together to develop their respective economies through contractual relationships that are of mutual benefit to both parties. To argue that the Chinese are colonizing Africans is to imply that the Chinese are stealing African resources--including African material resources and African labour--on the basis of oppressive infrastructure that they have imposed on African societies. This is not what is happening. Rather African societies are exchanging their abundant resources for infrastructure and skills originating from China that they need in order for them to modernize enough to be in a position to compete for the world's resources with other parts of the world on a co-equal basis. The former colonial powers did not provide African societies with the opportunity to even begin to dream of "development" in that regard.

非洲社会和中国之间目前的关系怎么都不能被想象延伸成“殖民主义”。相反，非洲人民和中国人民正在密切合作，通过互利共赢的合同关系发展各自的经济。说中国人殖民非洲的争论，都是意指中国正在窃取非洲的资源--包括物质资源和人力资源--意图强行压迫非洲社会的基础建设。但事实并不是那样。相反的，非洲人正在用他们丰富的资源交换源自中国的基础设施和技能，他们需要这些东西来使他们现代化，以便得到一个能够与世界其他地区同台竞争的地位。而对比之前的殖民主义国家们可是连让非洲人民做发展梦的机会没有呢。

In fact I would go so far as to urge African societies to strengthen their relationships with China (without necessarily undermining their relationships with other parts of the world--since the two are not necessarily mutually exclusive with respect to Africa) in order for them to reap the benefits of the partnerships most fully. One means by which they could achieve that obxtive would be for them to take advantage of the contracts for projects that they sign with Chinese companies to ensure that the skills that the Chinese transfer to African societies through those projects are marshaled and deployed accordingly. For example they could require that an important aspect of every one of those contracts should include training of sizable numbers of interns drawn from their colleges and universities through appropriately formulated coursework. If such schemes are properly conceptualized and undertaken they could constitute an interesting avenue through which the skills that African societies so desperately require will be transferred from China to Africa and utilized to develop African societies in the future.

事实上我甚至会敦促非洲人民加强与中国的友谊（这不一定会损害两国与世界其他国家的关系，因为两国在非洲方面的利益不一定会是相悖的）这样两个合作伙伴之间共赢利益就愈加全满。这也意味着他们可以通过与中国公司签署合同中设立条款确保中国的技术会转移至非洲，举个例子他们可以要求每个合同的乙方都要接受一定数量从他们大学里出来的实习生，而这些大学会适当的把这设为实习作业。 如果这些计划被正确地概念化和实施，那么这条他们构建的人才管道会将非洲人民迫切需要的技能从中国转移到非洲，并用于未来发展非洲社会建设。

-------------译者：布拉格鸽子蛋-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

chactemal 13h ago
How about letting China in if they promise to commit to resolve the poaching issue !

如果他们承诺致力于解决偷猎问题，让中国进入（非洲）又如何！

8rocko 9h ago
Some win some lose.
Governments in less developed nations have the ability to tip the balance in favour of more people winning; however not all of them choose to do so.

有得必有失。
欠发达国家的政府有能力决策以使大多数人获益，但并非所有人都选择这么做。