安全了？福岛宣布首个适合人类生活的社区 [英国媒体]

Safe at last? View from Naraha – the first Fukushima community declared fit for humans

终于安全了？来自樽叶町的观点福岛宣布首个适合人类生活的社区



Four and a half years after a tsunami triggered a triple meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, people have returned to live in the area

由海啸引发的福岛核事故已经过去四年半了，人们开始返回曾经的居住地。

Kohei and Tomoko Yamauchi at their home in Naraha. Photograph: Justin McCurry for the Guardian

Kohei 和Tomoko Yamauchi 在他们家中，摄影：卫报Justin McCurry 

Entering the living room of Kohei and Tomoko Yamauchi’s house in Naraha is a disconcerting experience. Above the tatami-mat floor, the shelves are lined with rows of kokeshi dolls; to one side is a large display of daruma figures, a traditional harbinger of good fortune. Kohei’s ancestors look down from framed black-and-white photographs mounted on the wall.

走进晃平 和山内知子（？大概是这名字，霓虹名无力啊）在福岛县樽叶町的家中，这是一次令人不安的经历。在榻榻米上，书架上排列着一排排木制娃娃；靠着一边是大量展示达摩娃娃，一种传统的吉兆。从框架下面能看到晃平祖先的黑白照片。

It is hard to imagine a more immaculate home. Yet for four and a half years, the Yamauchis’ house, along with every other home in the picturesque town in Fukushima prefecture, was deserted.

很难去想想如此完美的房子。即便已经过去了四年半，知子的家仍然像福岛境内风景如画的镇上其他房子一样，空荡荡的。

On 12 March 2011, Naraha’s residents were told to evacuate immediately. A day earlier, the north-east coast of Japan had been shaken by one of the most powerful earthquakes in history.

2011年3月12日，樽叶町的居民们被高职要立刻撤离。早些天，日本东北海岸遭到了一次空前的地震破坏。

The quake set off a 46ft (14m) tsunami that killed almost 19,000 people and triggered a triple meltdown at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.

地震引发了高达14m的海啸并导致近19000人遇难并引发了福岛核电站的三重事故。

Just as the Yamauchis contemplated the huge loss of life from the tsunami they were confronted with a second, unseen menace – large radiation leaks from Fukushima Daiichi, just 12 miles (19km) to the north.

正如知子想到的那样，海啸造成的巨大生命损失还排在第二名，看不见的威胁——巨量的放射能从福岛第一核电站泄露出来，距离仅在19公里的北方。

“Our children told us never to come back to this place,” says Kohei, one of a small number of residents who returned to Naraha last month after it became the first contaminated community in Fukushima prefecture to be declared fit for human habitation.

我们的孩子告诉我们永远不要回来了，晃平这样说道，在福岛县被宣布为适合人类居住后一小部分居民上个月回到了樽叶町，这里成为了第一个有人聚集的社区。
【福岛县被宣布为适合人类居住→_→】

The stress of moving from one temporary home to another – the Yamauchis have moved six times since the disaster – outweighs any concerns they have about radiation, the 79-year-old adds.

从一个临时居住地搬到另一个的压力——自从灾难后知子已经搬家六次——超过了他们面对辐射的压力，毕竟他们已经79岁了。



The bow of a motorboat pokes out of the undergrowth after being left where it is for four and a half years in the town of Naraha Photograph: Justin McCurry for the Guardian/Justin McCurry for the Guardian

在樽叶町一艘被遗弃了四年半的摩托艇伸出灌木丛的照片 卫报：Justin McCurry 

“We’re too old to be worried about getting cancer from radiation exposure. I expect a lot of older people will return, but not their children or grandchildren. It’s going to be difficult to raise children here.”

我们老了，不担心受到辐射的伤害了。我希望老人们都回来吧，但是他们的孩子或者孙子就别回来了。这里对孩子们成长不利。

Officials in Naraha are confronting the reality that almost five years on from the nuclear meltdown, many of the town’s residents have simply started again elsewhere, including the thousands who now live in temporary housing or private accommodation in the nearby city of Iwaki.

樽叶町当局面对的现实是自核事故以来已经过了近五年了，许多城镇的居民已经在其他地方开始新生活，包括数千名现在仍然居住在临时住房或者在附近的磐城的私人住宿的人。

When he lifted the evacuation order in early September, Naraha’s mayor, Yukiei Matsumoto, said: “The clock has just started ticking again for our town. We will accelerate efforts to achieve full recovery.”

当他在9月初发布疏散命令之后，樽叶町町长松本说道，钟声重新再我们镇上响起，我们将会努力加速重建一切。

Japan’s prime minister, Shinzo Abe, has touted Naraha as a beacon of hope for about 70,000 other Fukushima residents who have yet to be given the all-clear to return to their homes.

日本首相安倍晋三，吹捧樽叶町对于其他70000名尚且不能返回未被全部清理地区的福岛居民来说是一座希望灯塔。



Abandoned dog walks on a damaged street in Naraha in 2011. Photograph: Air Rabbit/Getty Images

被遗弃的狗走在樽叶町被破坏的道路上，2011 

Yet Naraha’s streets, mostly deserted even on a sunny Friday afternoon, suggests the town serves as more of a cautionary tale about misplaced optimism.

在这个周五阳光明媚的午后，依然荒无人烟的樽叶町的街道，告诫着人们把这座城镇视作一个伴随着乐观主义的警示故事。

Only 200-300 people have returned since last month – including just two children – out of a pre-disaster population of 7,400 – according to local officials. Most of those who have decided to come home are retirees, and they are nowhere to be seen. Most of the shoppers and diners at a prefabricated arcade near the town hall are among the 1,000 construction workers brought in to repair the tattered local infrastructure.

自从上个月以来，仅有二三百人返回了，仅仅包括两名儿童——根据地方文件，灾难之前有7400名——绝大多数决定返回老家的是退休人士，就是现在我们看到的人群。绝大多数购物者和就餐者聚集在位于城镇中心的预制板房附近，板房中是1000名来修复破烂的基础设施的建筑工人。

At the top of a quake-damaged road still closed to traffic, builders are putting the finishing touches to a new junior high school, even though it is not scheduled to open until spring 2017. Even then, there is no guarantee there will be any children to teach.

地震损坏的道路依然阻塞着交通，建设者们正在完成一座新高中的修复，即便知道2017年春季耶不会有新生，=。甚至，也不会有毕业生，不会有任何可以入学的孩子。

Grand wooden homes stand empty, their windows framed by thick tape to deter burglars. Weeds poke through the tarmac forecourt of a dilapidated petrol station, and outside the local railway station, where trains began running in June last year, dozens of abandoned bicycles gather rust.

大的木屋空无一人，窗户上贴着厚厚的胶带阻止窃贼。破旧的加油站前院路面上长满了杂草，当地火车站的外面——去年六月起列车重新运行——丢弃着许多废弃的生锈自行车。

“It’s effectively a ghost town” said Seijun Watanabe, who commutes from Iwaki to Naraha to work at a restaurant. “You see lots of people milling around, but they’re all construction workers, not the people I used to live alongside before the disaster.”

“这就是一个鬼城”从磐城来往樽叶町餐馆工作的渡边清顺说到。“你在附近是看到很多人，但是他们都是建筑工人，不是那些在灾难之前生活在我身边的人”

Watanabe’s home was damaged in the earthquake, then overrun by animals during the four and a half years it has stood empty. “It’s full of animal faeces, no one can live there,” the 56-year-old said. “My wife and I plan to demolish it, rebuild on the same land and come back in five or 10 years.”

渡边的房子在地震中被损毁了，在这四年半里它已经被动物占据。“到处都是动物粪便，根本没法住人”56岁的他这样说到，“我的妻子和我计划拆了房子，在原址上重建一个，五到十年后再会来”

“It’s impossible to know what the future holds, but I don’t think this place will ever be the same again. Lots of residents are in their 70s and 80s – no one in their 30s and 40s, especially parents of young children, is interested in coming back. It is beautiful around here, but life is really inconvenient.”

“没法想象未来是什么样，但我并认为这里不可能一直这样了”现在这里的多数人都是70,80岁了，没有一个是30，40岁的，尤其是家长和孩子没兴趣返回，这里景色很美好，但是生活不方便。



Officials say the laborious task of removing contaminated soil from around residential areas, schools, shops and public buildings has been completed, although about 100 households have reported radiation spikes and asked for the work to be redone.

当局声称从附近的居住区，学校，商店和公共建筑，清理污染物质的艰巨的任务已经完成，虽然有报告指出一百多户的辐射超标需要重新清理。

The average atmospheric radiation level in the town is 0.3 microsieverts an hour, or just less than three millisieverts (mSv) a year, according to official readings. That is slightly higher than the government-set “ambition” of one mSv a year – a target that experts have criticised as unrealistically low. Most agree that the risk of developing cancer rises by a very small amount at doses above 100 millisieverts a year.

根据当局公告，城镇中的平均大气辐射剂量时0.3微西弗/每小时，或者是比平均3微西弗/每年小一点。这比政府设定的1/每年的目标要高一些——这个目标专家批评是不切实际的，太低了。绝大多数认同超过100微西弗也仅仅会稍微提高癌症的风险。

“Our aim is for everyone to come back, but there is no strict timeline,” said Yusuke Igari, one of 80 local officials who have been preparing Naraha for the residents’ return. “Some people might wait another five or 10 years, or even longer.

“我们的目标是所有人都会返回，但没有明确的时间线”，伊藤敦子，80名官方负责筹备樽叶居民返回的官员之一，这样说到。“一些人可能会在其他地方呆五到十年或者更长”

“We want to be a model of recovery for other towns and villages. If we can’t get people to resume their lives here, then other communities won’t stand a chance. We feel a deep sense of responsibility about that.”

“我们想要为其他村镇立一个恢复的榜样。如果我们不能让人们恢复在本地的生活，那么其他社区也没有机会了。我们为此感到了沉重的责任”

We talk to key figures from the most critical days of the Fukushima crisis and to some of the tens of thousands forced to evacuate their irradiated communities and who continue to live in nuclear limbo

我们的谈话从福岛核危机的最关键时刻的关键人物到数万人被迫撤离他们的受到辐射的社区以及谁继续生活在核污染地狱

Shimpei Koizumi is one of the few people who can imagine a life for his family in Naraha. “My mother and daughter pleaded with me to fix the house because they desperately wanted to move back, but couldn’t afford to pay someone else to do it,” says the 65-year-old carpenter, who has just finished replacing roof tiles shaken to the ground by the earthquake.

65岁的木匠，刚刚换完被地震破坏的屋顶瓦片的小泉心平是能继续在樽叶的家庭生活的少数人之一，“我的母亲河女儿希望我可以修复房子，因为她们非常想要回去，而且她们无力支付其他人做工的费用”。

But Koizumi, who is living in temporary housing in Iwaki, won’t be joining his family. “I don’t trust the authorities when they say the water is safe to drink, and there are no proper shops, just a couple of convenience stores and vending machines. And there’s no one around. I’d rather stay where I am.”

但是小泉，临时居住在磐城，并不想要回家。我不相信当局说的水已经安全了，可以喝了，而且没有适合的商店，这里只有便利店和一些自动售货机。也没有其他人，我宁愿继续呆在现在我住的地方。

Striking evidence of Naraha’s place in Japan’s worst nuclear accident covers large swaths of the town’s outskirts. About 580,000 black bags filled with low-level nuclear waste blanket fields where farmers once grew the region’s famed rice and vegetables – produce that, even if declared safe, has become tainted by the damage radiation has inflicted on Brand Fukushima.

在日本发生最严重的核事故的骇人的证据包括了，放置在樽叶大片的城镇郊区，大约580000个装满了低剂量的核废料的黑色的袋子，农民们曾经在该地区的种植着名的大米和蔬菜，现在即使宣布安全了，福岛已成为辐射污染的品牌。



Workers position bags of radioactive waste at a temporary waste storage site in Naraha. Photograph: Greg Baker/AP

工人把放射性废物黑袋放在一个临时的废物贮存场在樽叶。照片：格雷戈贝克/美联社

In places, though, there are gentle stirrings of a post-Fukushima version of civic life. Two convenience stores have reopened, along with a supermarket and a mobile bank, and the local post office will reopen soon. From next month residents will be able to discuss their health and finances at a new heath centre and credit union.

虽然在有些地方，后福岛版市民生活已经有了温和的萌芽。两家便利店已重新开业，同时还有一家超市和一家移动银行，以及当地邮政局不久将重新开业。从下个月起，居民可以在一个新的健康中心和信贷联和中讨论他们的健康和财政状况。

The government hopes to lift all evacuation orders except for the most contaminated areas nearest to the stricken plant by March 2017, and is offering up to 100,000 yen per household to move back.

政府希望取消所有的疏散命令，除了距离受污染的最严重地区最近的工厂要到2017年3月，并提供高达100000日元敦促居民搬回。

In Naraha, as in the rest of Fukushima, opinion is divided on whom to blame for the disaster. It isn’t hard to find Tepco critics, yet others remember the huge subsidies and employment their hometown derived from its nuclear-host status. “I don’t think this is anyone’s fault,” says Watanabe.

在樽叶，就像福岛的其他地区一样，为谁该对灾难负责而争论不休。很容易听到对东京电力公司的批评，也有人提到了巨额补贴和核电站提供的大量工作岗位。我并不认为是谁的错“渡边说到。
【忍不住吐槽了，这11区小朝廷的忽悠能力可真强，竟然可以让本子觉得没人有错】



Vines grow across the road next to an abandoned car near Naraha. Photograph: David Guttenfelder/AP

樽叶町附近 葡萄树生长在路旁边的一个废弃的汽车。摄影：戴维/美联社

“This place received lots of money from Tepco, and that enabled us to enjoy a certain standard of living. It meant we had more money and resources than other places that didn’t have nuclear plants nearby.”

本地收到来自东京电力公司的很多资金，这样我们就可以有一定的生活标准。这意味着我们比其他没有核电站的地方有更多的资金和资源。
【喂喂喂，你们的逻辑真是突破天际啊，是谁把这里变成了废土的？难道不是东电吗？！】

An abandoned car vine growing beside the road near naraha. Photograph: David Guttenfelder/ AP

樽叶道路上一个废弃的汽车旁附近生长的藤蔓 摄影：戴维/美联社

Yamauchi, a retired farmer whose family has lived in the same house for seven generations, is reluctant to apportion blame. He is, he says, just relieved to be back among his collection of kokeshi and daruma, watched over by his ancestors.

山内，一个退休的农民家庭，在同一所房子里住了七代人，不愿追究责任。他说，看着他的祖先，他收藏的木偶和不倒翁还完好，他松了一口气，。

The growth of a nearby abandoned car near naraha road vines. Photograph: David Guttenfelder/ AP
“There’s no point getting angry or bitter about what happened,” he says. “That won’t change anything. All we want to do is look forward and get on with our lives again. We were always going to come back … this is our home.”

“对发生过事情我没有一点生气或痛苦，”他说。“这不会改变任何事情。我们所要做的就是向前看，继续我们的生活。我们总是会回来的，这是我们的家。”



quokkaZ
12 Oct 2015 10:0
The average atmospheric radiation level in the town is 0.3 microsieverts an hour, or just less than three millisieverts (mSv) a year, according to official readings.
ie less than half of natural background radiation dose in Cornwall.
That is slightly higher than the government-set “ambition” of one mSv a year – a target that experts have criticised as unrealistically low.
Silly could be more apt word.Average natural radiation dose in the US is about 3.1 mSv per year眀椀琀栀 medical procedures contributing nearly as much again.

{根据当局公告，城镇中的平均大气辐射剂量时0.3微西弗/每小时，或者是比平均3微西弗/每年小一点}
比康沃尔郡自然背景辐射剂量还少一半。
{这比政府设定的1/每年的目标要高一些}
在美国每年平均天然辐射剂量约3.1微西弗， 医疗程序几乎贡献同样多的剂量。

antipodean1焀甀漀欀欀愀娀
12 Oct 2015 13:59
The average atmospheric radiation level in the town is 0.3 microsieverts an hour, or just less than three millisieverts (mSv) a year, according to official readings
Yes but an average potentially hides a multitude of sins within a distribution.
Nobody wants to get a hotspot.
After an industrial accident of this magnitude trust in authorities naturally diminishes.
Many people want to cultivate a garden & grow vegetables with out fear,
or walk in the woods with their dog, without uncertainty about what radioactivity will be brought home. Its understandable that the government tried to deliver 1mSv a year as an average.

{根据当局公告，城镇中的平均大气辐射剂量时0.3微西弗/每小时，或者是比平均3微西弗/每年小一点}
这是平均数据掩盖了其他多样的辐射污染的分布，没有人想到这一点。在这次核工业事故之后，群众对当局的信任度自然会降低。没有人愿意在恐惧中修剪花园和种植蔬菜或者带着狗在树林里散步，不会担忧带回家的东西会不会有辐射的风险。

ColinG愀渀琀椀瀀漀搀攀愀渀1
12 Oct 2015 16:15
After an industrial accident of this magnitude trust in authorities naturally diminishes.
Mistrust in the authorities has been deliberately cultivated by anti-nuclear activists who want to maximise disruption and distress to the population to make their own political point.
Many people want to cultivate a garden & grow vegetables with outFEAR,
or walk in the woods with their dog, without唀一CERTAINTYabout what radioactivity will be brought home.
-Extensive radiation study finds no internal cesium exposure in Fukushima children
"The results were the same among children who ingested local produce and tap water and those who did not, the study showed."

{这次核工业事故之后，群众对当局的信任度自然会降低。}
对当局的不信任已经促使反核运动群体进行最大限度的破坏和扰乱（核工业）来实现自己的政治目的。
{没有人愿意在恐惧中修剪花园和种植蔬菜或者带着狗在树林里散步，不会担忧带回家的东西会不会有辐射的风险。}
——广泛的对辐射的研究指出福岛的儿童的体内并没有发现铯。
“这一结论对于那些摄入福岛本地的食品和自来水的儿童和没有这样做的儿童是同样适用的”

antipodean1ColinG
12 Oct 2015 17:42
Mistrust in the authorities has been deliberately cultivated by anti-nuclear activists who want to maximise disruption and distress to the population to make their own political point.
Lots of different people have points to make, some presumably to support their own employment or investment interests, others to support the safety of their families or the value of their homes; all camouflaged by & aligning with their beliefs. Will modern technology save us or do we need to go back to nature or is this a false choice?
Much may depend on an individual's attitude to risk & trust in authority.
Unfair. I don't think maximising distress comes into it.
It must be distressful enough to be evacuated from your home & community for 5 years, and your house or farm or business to become valueless overnight. It is disingenuous to blame activists for this.
- Extensive radiation study finds no internal cesium exposure in Fukushima children
Good news.

{对当局的不信任已经促使反核运动群体进行最大限度的破坏和扰乱（核工业）来实现自己的政治目的。
许多不同的人士想要实现自己的目标，一些人可能支持自己的工作或者投资有兴趣，另一些人想要家庭安全或者住房赔偿，所有的伪装都遵循自己的信念。
不公平，我认为这并不是最大的问题。
这对撤离者来说是一个极大的不幸，他们被迫离开家园社区5年之久，自己的家农场和事业一夜间变得一文不值。埋怨这些活动是不理智的。

ColinG愀渀琀椀瀀漀搀攀愀渀1
12 Oct 2015 18:45
Unfair. I don't think maximising distress comes into it.
If you do nothing to counter the FUD then you are increasing the distress.
Let's be clear about this: at a very early stage it was apparent that there would probably be no discernible health impact from the radiation at Fukushima. The head of UNSCEAR was making this point樀甀猀琀 a few weeks after the accident. It was only a matter of time before the evidence bore this out.
This of course is a major problem for anti-nuclear activists who want nuclear power to be as deadly as possible. The only way anti-nuclear activists could counter this was to deliberately undermine trust in the authorities before the evidence emerged conclusively.
The consequences of this misinformation campaign can be seen below the line on this very thread. Anybody who is not countering this fear, uncertainty and doubt - yourself included - is contributing to the distress caused.

{不公平，我认为这并不是最大的问题。}
如果你不做一些事情反对福岛当局措施的话，那么你的痛苦会继续增加。
让我们仔细看看一下内容：在早期阶段，福岛的核辐射可能对健康没有影响。联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会的报告指出“（可能对健康没有影响）仅仅在事故之后几周”，证据出现只是一个时间问题。
这对于那些希望核能尽可能致命的反核人士是一个重大问题。反核人士可以对付这个问题的唯一方法是在证据出现之前故意破坏当局信任的。
这种错误信息传播的结果在以后的进程中会见到的。任何不反对这种恐惧、不确定和怀疑的人，包括你在内，都对造成痛苦做出了贡献。

Zwitterion2愀渀琀椀瀀漀搀攀愀渀1
12 Oct 2015 18:48
The level of hotspot likely to exist anywhere in this town is quite low. Hotspots exist everywhere in the world. A nice example is in cornwall, where I have spent a lot of time searching for radioactive rock samples. I find things like houses with a hot brick in them (usually when they are built of stone). So a particular stone used for construction gives a high reading, like 1000 times background is not uncommon with the detector held up against the rock. Thats just one stone, the rest are low. I run the detector up and down and around and zone in on the hot stone. A perfect example of a hotspot.
But draw the detector 2 meters away and you will barely be able to detect an elevation above background radiation. Thats because radiation drops off very rapidly with distance. So even if your house, for instance, has a gutter outlet that at its base, has a high reading, if you were wearing a dosimeter and living in the house, its not likely you would detect an elevated exposure. And the dosimeter is the true reading, its the dosimeter that tells the true exposure of a person.
So the actual significance of a few small 'hotspots' is likely to be zero. Certainly compared to cornwall - with an average dose of 8 mSv per year - this town, with an average dose of about 3 mSv per year, is unlikely to have any residents being exposed to even half cornwalls dose.

这个城市的任何地方都存在的辐射热点的可能性相当低的。世界各地都存在辐射热点。一个很好的例子是在康沃尔郡，在那里我花了很多时间寻找放射性岩石样品。我在他们的房子里找到一块带有辐射热点的砖（通常是用石头建造的）。因此，一种用于建造的特殊石头提供了一个很高的读数，探测器对岩石检测出1000倍的背景辐射是不寻常。那只不过是一块石头读数高，其余的都是低的。我在辐射热点的石头上使用了探测器。这是一个辐射热点的完美例子。
但把探测器放在2米远的地方，你就几乎不能检测到高于背景辐射的剂量。这是因为辐射随着距离的增加迅速下降。所以，即使你的房子，例如，有一个排水沟出口，在它的基地，具有很高的阅读，如果你戴了一个剂量计和居住的房子，它不太可能你会发现升高的曝光。所以，即使你的房子，例如，有一个排水沟出口，在它的基地上，具有很高的读数，如果你在居住的房子，使用探测器，它不太可能发现读数的上升。探测器是真正的测量辐射剂量，告诉一个人真正的受到的辐射量。
因此，一些小的“辐射热点”的实际辐射剂量很可能是零。当然，相比于康沃尔郡每年平均剂量8毫西弗与本镇每年约3毫西弗的平均剂量，是不可能有任何居民接触到甚至不足一半剂量的辐射。