格陵兰岛神秘的400岁鲨鱼掌握着长寿的基因秘密 [英国媒体]

Mysterious 400 year old sharks in Greenland could hold the genetic secret to long life

格陵兰岛神秘的400岁鲨鱼掌握着长寿的基因秘密

原文时间：2017-07-07 04:22:27



They are the longest living vertebrate on Earth, with incredibly long lifespans of up 400 years.

他们是在地球的生活时间最长的脊椎动物，寿命可以达到难以置信的400年。

And now researchers believe that Greenland sharks could hold the secret to long life in humans.

现在，研究人员相信格陵兰鲨鱼可以解答人类长寿的秘密。

Scientists are mapping the DNA of the sharks in the search for 'unique genes' which could hold the secret to the shark's longevity.

科学家们正在绘制鲨鱼的DNA图谱，寻找鲨鱼能如此长寿的“独特的基因”秘密。

Researchers collected DNA from tiny clippings from the fin of the sharks, which are caught on a line live, and tagged before being released.

研究人员从鲨鱼的鳍上剪下细微的一块来收集DNA，他们是被鱼线活捉的，并在做了标记之后释放。

Using this DNA, the researchers have sequenced the full genome from almost 100 Greenland sharks.

利用这一DNA，研究人员对近100只格陵兰鲨鱼的全基因组进行了测序。

And they are now attempting to find the genes that hold the secret to why the sharks live so long.

他们现在正试图找到那些鲨鱼为什么能活这么长时间的秘密基因。

If found, the 'long-life' genes could shed light on why all vertebrates have a limited life span, and what dictates the life expectancy of different species, including humans. 

如果发现，“长寿”基因可以揭示为什么所有脊椎动物的寿命都是有限的，和是什么决定了包括人类在内的不同物种的寿命。

Researchers from the Arctic University of Norway have sequenced the DNA from Greenland sharks ? some of which were alive in the Georgian era.

来自挪威北极大学的研究人员已经对格陵兰鲨鱼的DNA进行了测序。其中一些在格鲁吉亚时代就已经活着。

Greenland sharks are found in deep water in the Atlantic Ocean, from Canada to Norway, and little is known about their biology and genetics. 

格陵兰鲨鱼在大西洋的深水中发现，从加拿大到挪威，并且我们在生物学和遗传学上对它们知之甚少。

Speaking at a conference in Exeter, Professor Kim Praebel, who is leading the study, said: 'This is the longest living vertebrate on the planet.

在埃克塞特的一次会议上，正在领导研究的Kim Praebel教授说：“这是这个星球上活跃时间最长的脊椎动物。

'Together with colleagues in Denmark, Greenland, USA, and China, we are currently sequencing its whole nuclear genome which will help us discover why the Greenland shark not only lives longer than other shark species but other vertebrates.

“与丹麦，格陵兰，美国和中国的同仁一起，我们正在对其整个核基因组进行排序，这将有助于我们发现为什么格陵兰鲨鱼不仅寿命比其他鲨鱼物种还有其他脊椎动物寿命长的原因。

'The results we presented here in Exeter will help us understand more about the biology of this elusive species.'

我们在埃克塞特展示的结果将有助于我们更多地了解这种难以捉摸物种的生物学特征。

African elephants - average lifespan of 70 years

非洲象-平均寿命70年

Bowhead whale - average lifespan of 200 years

北极露脊鲸-平均寿命200年

Galapagos giant turtle - the longest living was 152

加拉帕戈斯巨龟 - 最长的生命是152 

Greenland shark - life expectancy of at least 272 years

格陵兰岛鲨鱼——预期寿命至少272年

Long-finned eel - often live to over 60

长鳍鳗鱼——通常活到60岁以上。

Ocean quahog - some collected specimens of this shellfish have been calculated to be more than 400 years old 

海蛤等贝类——一些收集到的这种贝类标本已经被计算寿命超过了400年。

Black coral - Those known as Antipatharia, these coral found in the Gulf of Mexico may live more than 2000 years while the those from the genus Leiopathes are thought to lived for around 4,265 years

黑珊瑚-被称为黑角珊瑚，这些在墨西哥湾发现的珊瑚可以活超过2000年，而那些来自Leiopathes属的珊瑚被认为大约活了4,265年。

While the researchers are still looking for the 'long-life' genes, their study has also shed new light on the shark's behaviour, and how it is related to other members of its species living thousands of kilometres away.

虽然研究人员仍在寻找“长寿命”基因，但他们的研究也对鲨鱼的行为做出了新的解释，那就是它们是如何与生活在几千公里之外的其他物种相联系。

Professor Praebel said: 'Since the Greenland shark lives for hundreds of years, they also have enough time to migrate over long distances and our genetic results showed exactly that.

Praebel教授说：“由于格陵兰鲨鱼生活了数百年，他们也有足够的时间在长距离上迁徙，我们的遗传结果也显示了这一点。

'Most of the individuals in our study were genetically similar to individuals caught thousands of kilometres away.

“我们在格陵兰岛研究的大多数鲨鱼在遗传上类似于数千公里外被抓的鲨鱼。

'We still do not know where and how the Greenland shark reproduce, but the results we presented here in Exeter showed that the shark may prefer to mate in deep hidden fjords of the Arctic.'

”我们还不知道格林兰鲨在哪儿以及如何繁殖，但我们得出了在埃克塞特发现的鲨鱼可能更喜欢在深的北极隐藏峡湾的伴侣的结果。”

Professor Praebel added that sharks are living time-capsules that could help uncover the impact of man on the oceans over time.

Praebel教授还说，鲨鱼是活的时间胶囊，可以帮助发现随着时间的推移人类对海洋的影响。

Tissues, bones, and genetic data from the shark could help measure the impact of climate change on the population, when and how contaminants and chemical pollution from industry began to affect the oceans, and the extent to which commercial fishing over hundreds of years has affected the shark population.

来自鲨鱼的组织，骨骼和遗传数据有助于衡量气候变化对鲨鱼群体的影响，和工业污染物和化学污染物在何时开始及如何影响海洋，还有几百年来商业捕捞的对鲨鱼群体数量的影响程度。

He added: 'The longest living vertebrate species on the planet has formed several populations in the Atlantic Ocean.

他补充说：“地球上最长寿的脊椎动物物种在大西洋形成了几个群体。

'This is important to know, so we can develop appropriate conservation actions for this important species.'

“了解这个这是很重要的，我们因此可以对这一重要物种的进行适当的保护行动。”


ZanaDude
How many have the scientistsssssssss cut up so far?

科学家们们们们们们们们们们研究的时候切了多少条？

SayWhat70
Wow - this fish is amazing.

惊了！这鱼！

Galahad
They'll probably determine the secret is to live your life in frigid waters, and eat lots of fresh fish.

决定他们长寿的秘密可能就是生活在寒冷的水域，可以吃很多新鲜的鱼。

dogshadow 
Why are they trying to find a way of living longer the world is over populated as it is .

为什么他们试图找到一种更长寿的方法？

Galahad -> dogshadow 
Because the pretty people don't want to stop breathing while being pretty. If they DID come up with a longevity treatment, you can bet the average person, middle class or lower, won't be able to afford it.

因为地位高的人在地位高的时候不想停止呼吸。如果他们想出一个长寿的治疗方法，你可以打赌，一般人、中产阶级或更底层的人，无法负担得起。

Bentham
Have a look at Giant Redwoods DNA rather than that of these wonderful creatures. 

去研究巨型红杉木的DNA好过研究这些奇妙的生物

Destructivedave
Leave them alone they suffer enough with the toxic sludge they have to live in. Now china and japan will slaughter them thinking they will live to that age.

让他们一个人呆着，因为他们不得不生活在有毒的污泥中。现在，中国和日本将屠杀他们，以为吃他们就会活到那个年纪。

Reviewer
We do enough damage to this planet by living an average 70 to 80 years, there will be nothing left if we lived 4 or 5 times longer.

我们平均活了70到80年，就对这个星球造成了足够的伤害，如果我们再活4或5倍，那地球什么也不会剩下。

TheInternetTroll
I read an article in the Aspen Times a few years ago where an Eskimo tribe killed a whale (legally) and when they harvested it- they found a spear head in it they could date back to the 1860s/70s. Breaks my heart everytime you see a giant whale being killed it could be over 150 years old. 

我在阿斯彭时报读过一篇文章，几年前在一个爱斯基摩人部落捕捉到一头鲸鱼，并在杀鲸鱼时（合法的）他们发现了可以追溯到1860/70年代的一个枪头。这让我心碎，因为你看到一头活了超过150年的鲸鱼被杀了。

jackass511 -> TheInternetTroll
Grow up snowflake, the Inuit dont eat that because the trees around them only have twinkies and beef steaks growing on them.

成熟一点吧“雪花代”，因纽特人不吃这个吃什么，你以为他们有牛排和夹心饼干吃？

Lancelot Jones
I hope we can make he Chinese and Indians live longer so they can get their population up to a Trillion each!

我希望我们能让中国人和印度人的寿命更长，这样他们的人口就可以达到一兆人！

HAZARD
One thing we definitely don't need. I'm sick a tired of humans as it is, why an earth do we need to live longer?

有一件事我们绝对不需要。我对人类这么做感到厌倦和讨厌，为什么我们非得活的更久？