BBC:法医学家重建一名苏格兰"女巫"的面容 [英国媒体]

Forensic artist reconstructs face of Scottish 'witch'

法医学家重建一名苏格兰"女巫"的面容



The face of a Scottish woman persecuted for witchcraft more than 300 years ago has been reconstructed by forensic scientists.

最近，法医学家们重建了一名在三百多年前遭迫害而死的苏格兰女巫的面容。

Lilias Adie died in 1704 in prison before she could be burned for her "confessed" crimes of being a witch and having sex with the devil.

Lilias Adie于1704年死于狱中，她的死亡发生在她因为自己所"承认"的作为一名巫师并且与魔鬼交媾的罪行而要被火刑处死之前。

Locals buried her under a large stone on the Fife coast, perhaps believing it would stop her rising from the grave.

当地人将她埋葬在法夫海岸的一块巨石之下，他们可能认为这可以阻止她从坟墓中复生。

Her remains were exhumed in the 19th Century by antiquarians.

她的遗骸在十九世纪被古董商们挖了出来。

Her skull ended up in the St Andrews University Museum and was photographed before it went missing during the 20th Century.

她的骸骨最终被保存于圣安德鲁斯大学博物馆，并且在它于二十世纪被遗失之前被拍照留档。

BBC Radio Scotland's Time Travels programme and its historian Louise Yeoman wondered if it would be possible to make a digital reconstruction of Lilias Adie's face from the photographs alone.

BBC的广播节目《苏格兰的时间旅行》和它的历史学家Louise Yeoman想知道是否有可能仅仅通过照片来对Lilias Adie的面容进行数字化重建。



Forensic artist Dr Christopher Rynn from Dundee University's Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification carried out the work using 3D virtual sculpture and forensic facial reconstruction methods.

来自邓迪大学解剖学与人类鉴定中心的法医学家Christopher Rynn博士通过三维虚拟雕塑和法医面容重建手段完成了这一项工作。

He said: "There was nothing in Lilias' story that suggested to me that nowadays she would be considered as anything other than a victim of horrible circumstances.

他说："现在，Lilias的故事中没有任何元素能够让我们了解她除开作为可怕环境的受害者之外的其他身份"。

"So I saw no reason to pull the face into an unpleasant or mean expression and she ended up having quite a kind face, quite naturally."

"所以我认为没有理由将她的面容描绘成令人不快的，或者刻薄的，她去世的时候应该面容和善，非常自然。"

The project is a follow-up to a previous collaboration between the Radio Scotland History team and archaeologist Douglas Speirs, which identified the likely spot on the Fife coastline for Lilias Adie's grave.

这一计划是之前苏格兰历史电台团队和考古学家Douglas Speirs之间合作的后续，他们确定了Lilias Adie的墓地在法夫海岸上的可能地点。

Presenter Susan Morrison said: "It was a truly eerie moment when the face of Lilias suddenly appeared.

节目主持人Susan Morrison说："当Lilias的面孔突然出现的时候，真的是一个怪异恐怖的时刻。"

"Here was the face of a woman you could have a chat with, though knowing her story it was a wee bit difficult to look her in the eye."

"这是一个你可以和她进行聊天的妇女的面孔，虽然在知道她的故事之后，有点难以直视她的眼睛。"



Lilias Adie was tortured in prison and it is believed she may have taken her own life.

Lilias Adie在监狱中受到了折磨，据信她可能是自杀身亡的。

Louise Yeoman said: "I think she was a very clever and inventive person.

Louise Yeoman说："我认为她是一个非常聪明和有创造力的人。"

"The point of the interrogation and its cruelties was to get names.

"审讯过程和它所具备的残酷性质都是为了让她招供出其他人的名字。"

"But Lilias said that she couldn't give the names of other women at the witches' gatherings as they were masked like gentlewomen.

"但是Lilias说她无法在这场猎巫行动中供出其他妇女的名字，因为她们都蒙面扮作了贵妇模样"。

"She only gave names which were already known and kept up coming up with good reasons for not identifying other women for this horrendous treatment."

"她只给出了别人已经知道的名字，而且在可怕的折磨过程中不断有借口来不确认其他妇女的身份。"

Burials of suspected witches were unusual as their bodies were usually burned to ashes at the stake.

被怀疑为女巫者的葬礼是与众不同的，因为她们的躯体往往在火刑柱上被烧成了灰。

It was feared the devil could steal such corpses and animate them to torment the living, which may explain why the stone slab was placed over the grave.

人们害怕魔鬼会偷走她们的尸体，让后让她们死而复生，来折磨活着的人，这可能可以解释一块大石板被放置在了她的坟墓之上。



The skull was photographed before disappearing some time in the 20th Century

这个颅骨在于20世纪某个时期遗失之前被拍照记录了下来。



Louise Yeoman said Lilias Adie endured "horrendous treatment"

Louise Yeoman说Lilia Adie经历了"可怕的折磨"。

Louise Yeoman said: "It's sad to think her neighbours expected some terrifying monster when she was actually an innocent person who'd suffered terribly.

Louise Yeoman说："令人难过的是，她的邻居认为她是某种可怕的怪物，但是她实际上只是一个经历了可怕遭遇的无辜者。"

"The only thing that's monstrous here is the miscarriage of justice.

"魔鬼的唯一表现便是正义的失败。"

"Lilias died a lonely unmourned death, but she was also a courageous woman.

"Lilias以一种孤独而无人哀悼的方式死去，但是她是一个有勇气的妇女。"

"Through this recreation we've been able to look at her face and see her as a person, and hopefully give her a more thoughtful place in Scottish history."

"通过这种重建工作，我们能够看到她的面孔，知道作为一个人她是什么样的，希望这能够让她在苏格兰历史上拥有一个更加令人值得思考的位置。"



[–]Surprise_Institoris[S] 206 points 3 hours ago* 
    The face of a Scottish woman persecuted for witchcraft more than 300 years ago has been reconstructed by forensic scientists.

“法医学家们重建了一名在三百多年前遭迫害而死的苏格兰女巫的面容。”

    Lilias Adie died in 1704 in prison before she could be burned for her "confessed" crimes of being a witch and having sex with the devil.

“Lilias Adie于1704年死于狱中，她的死亡发生在她因为自己所"承认"的作为一名巫师并且与魔鬼交媾的罪行而要被火刑处死之前。”

This was two years before the last recorded Scottish execution for witchcraft, and was only a few decades before parliament made it illegal to accuse another of being a witch. This was, however, after a century and a half of sporadic, but intense, witch panics in Scotland and Europe - poor Lilias was on the tail end of the cruel phenomenon, and had probably lived through at least the Scottish trials of the 1690s and 1670s, and possibly even those of the 1650s (I can't find her age).

这是在苏格兰记录在案的最后一次女巫处决之前两年，仅仅在她去世之后几十年，议会就将指控他人为巫师的行为定为非法。然而，在苏格兰和欧洲地区经历了一个半世纪偶发但是剧烈的、带有恐慌性质的猎物运动之后，可怜的Lilias恰好身处这一残酷现象的尾声阶段，她至少已经捱过了1690年代和1670年代的苏格兰审判，甚至可能捱过了1650年代的审判（我没办法确定她的年纪）。

She was spared the traditional execution of strangling on a stake with her body then burnt, but this was either because she had taken her own life or had been so badly treated during her interrogation that she died from her injuries.

她逃过了被绑在火刑柱上烧死的传统行刑方式，但是这或者是因为她自行了断了自己的生命，或者是因为她在受审期间受到了严刑拷打，最后因为伤口过于严重而死。

...Happy Halloween?

万圣节前夜快乐？

[–]Scottk100 [score hidden] an hour ago 
A bishop was the one who largely helped abolish witchcraft laws? Dang man, wish we had bishops like that nowadays. 

是有一个主教大大推动了猎巫法律的废止？真希望我们今天也有这样的主教。

[–]WaywardGinger [score hidden] an hour ago 
Seems subvertive (in a good way) that she claimed she couldn't recognize others as they were dressed as noblewomen. Much of the panic centered around poor, widowed, or unmarried women, but well healed women weren't as prosecuted.

她声称因为参与者都是贵妇打扮，所以认不得其他人，这听起来有点道德败坏啊（当然是好的意思）。人们的很多恐慌都集中于贫穷、失去丈夫或未婚的女子身上，而那些生活优渥的妇女是不会被迫害的。

[–]Surprise_Institoris[S] [score hidden] an hour ago 
This is a surprisingly common tactic in early modern interrogations, while another was for suspects to only give the names of people they knew had already been executed. Sadly, prosecutors would be wary of such excuses.

在近代早期的审讯中，这是一种令人震惊的普遍策略，而对于嫌疑犯来说，他们也可以只招供出他们知道已经被处死的人的名字。可悲的是，迫害者会留意这种处决的。

[–]michaelchen21 [score hidden] 2 hours ago 
They could come up with any face they want and nobody would be able to verify it.

他们能够编造出任何一张脸来，因为没有人能够确认到底是不是真的。

[–]Thunderbird9451 [score hidden] 2 hours ago 
As a person who speaks English, could we understand anything if she speaks to us?

作为一个讲英语的人，如果她和我们说话，我们能够理解她的意思吗？

[–]Heljoe [score hidden] an hour ago 
Lowland Scots is very similar to English, so you probably would be able to understand a fair amount of how she'd speak

低地苏格兰与英国非常类似，所以你可能能够听到她说的大部分内容。

[–]GloriousGuardian [score hidden] 57 minutes ago 
I dunno, I need subtitles on when I'm watching some of those British shows, like Happy Valley.

我不行，即便我在看一些英国节目——如《欢乐谷》——的时候，我也需要字幕。

[–]JohnnyConatus [score hidden] 2 hours ago 
No. She speaks Scottish :)

不，她说的是苏格兰语。