中国的潜在陷阱 #3：核心价值观 [日本媒体]

每人一小段，翻译我也行！
每日新素材，等你来认领！ http://www.ltaaa.com/translation/ 

-------------译者：塞北狼烟-审核者：文所未闻------------



After enjoying rapid development for nearly 40 years, China is at a turning point in terms of both economic growth and social development. In this series, Dr. Xue Li examines the five most critical challenges and potential pitfalls China faces today. See his previous pieces on Pitfall #1 and Pitfall #2 as well.

China lacks core values – values that are widely believed in by both officials and the people and reflected in their actions. Core values can also be understood as a system of cultural and political beliefs.

在经过了40年高速发展后的今天，中国站在了经济增长和社会发展的转折点上。这一系列的文章中，薛力仔细分辨出五种最严重的挑战和潜在的陷阱。参见其文：陷阱1，陷阱2。

中国缺乏核心价值观---即官员和人民都普遍相信并身体力行。核心价值观也可以被理解为一种文化和政治信仰。

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In place of core values, we see the ‘religion’ of worshiping money and material things widely manifested in China. As an example, when Chinese people make pilgrimages to temples throughout the country, they often throw coins to supplement their requests. We see piles of coins on the back of dragons, on the feet of Buddha, and thrown into pools. These sparkling coins are reflected in popular sayings such as “If you have money you can gets ghosts to act” and “Celestial beings can also be bribed.”

It is understandable that such a phenomenon might appear at a certain stage in the commodity economy, but it is not normal. It reflects the lack of religious belief among the people and the rule of the religion of worship of money and material things superimposed on the pragmatic psychology of the Chinese people.

在核心价值观中，我们能够在中国看到广泛的对金钱和物质的“信仰”，举个例子，中国全国各地的人去寺庙里拜神的时候，他们通过扔硬币来增大希望的成功率。我们看到成堆的硬币被扔到龙背后，佛脚下，扔进水池。这些闪闪发光的硬币验证一个很流行的谚语“有钱能使鬼推磨”。

作为商品经济达到某个阶段而出现这种现象，是可以理解的，但它不正常。它体现了缺乏宗教信仰和对金钱物质的崇拜叠加到信奉实用主义的中国人身上的状态。

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Core values go beyond religion, of course – they reflect the cultural characteristics of a group of people. These are the sources of the group’s cohesiveness. Politically, core values are the source of the state identity. For a multiethnic state, this has political implications: the absence of support for a set of core values will affect the stability and even existence of the state. Such a state would lack a solid foundation for its development and rise. Therefore, establishing a shared system of cultural and political beliefs is a fundamental problem that China needs to solve.

Thanks to this lack of core values, there are two social and cultural phenomena worthy of note in China today. The first is that people have a general feeling of dissatisfaction. No matter whether we are talking about leftists, moderates, or rightists; activists, advocates of the status quo, or conservatives; high-ranking cadres, mid-level leaders, grassroots cadres; the wealthy, the middle class, or the poor – nearly everyone is dissatisfied with the present state of society and with their own personal situation. Many people even hate the rich and hate officials.

核心论价观超越宗教，当然-他们反应了一群人的文化特征，也是这群人凝心聚力所在。政治上，核心价值观是国家认同的根源。但对于一个多民族国家来说，它的政治影响在于：一个缺乏支持的核心价值观会影响国家的稳定，甚至存在，这就让中国的发展和崛起缺乏一个坚实的基础。建立一个共享的文化和政治信仰系统是中国需要解决的基本问题。

由于缺乏核心价值观，在中国出现了两个值得注意的社会和文化现象。首先，人民群众普遍不满。无论我们说起左派，温和派，右派，主张维持现状的活跃分子，高干，中层干部，底层干部，富人，中产，穷人---几乎所有人都对自己的个人情况及社会状态不满，有些人甚至仇富，仇官。

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The second phenomenon is a general feeling of insecurity. Officials, owners of small and medium sized enterprises, scholars – especially those intellectuals in the humanities and in the social sciences – workers, migrant workers, and peasants all feel insecure, though for different reasons. Some feel insecure about their property, some about their official position, and some because of the views that they have expressed and still others because of their health insurance. Still others feel insecure about the prospects for their businesses, and others feel insecure about their right to reside in a big city and the related problem of their children’s right to an education in that city. Some feel insecure about their lands, which they have cultivation rights to under the contract responsibility system.

How do people handle this insecurity? Some officials or wealthy businessmen transfer their property and send their wives and children abroad. Some entrepreneurs register their companies outside the mainland. Some peasants focus on maximizing their short-term gains by exploiting the land that they work under the contract responsibility system. These are all manifestations of feelings of insecurity, and most people are familiar with these issues.

第二个现象是普通存在的不安全感。虽然原因不同，但官员，中小企业主，学者-尤其是人文社会学科的，工人，农民工，农民都感到不安，某些官员因为立场原因为自己的财产而提心吊胆，某些人因为已经发表的观点，某些人只是为了健康保险，还有些人为自己的业务前景感到不安，另有一些人对于能否在大城市享有居住及子女教育方面的权力而感到不安。有些人对他们的土地感到不安，希望在合同责任制下继续享有土地。

那么人们如何解决这种不安呢？一些官员和富商转移了财产并将老婆孩子送到国外。一些企业家将公司注册地放在了大陆之外。一些农民在土地承包责任制下将关注点放在了短期利益之上。就些就是不安全感的体现，大多数人都了解。

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What few people understand are the insecurities of the middle class in China’s big cities, especially in Beijing and Shanghai. Typically, these people have been working hard in the big city for ten-odd years; they have a home and children. They no longer fit in to their old homes in the countryside. They have already become city people – except for the problem of city resident household registration (a hukou). Suddenly one day they find that their child, because of the hukou problem, can’t get into a good local primary school or lower middle school. Even worse, their child can’t attend a local high school and so must return to their old home to take the high school entrance examination.

These families face a difficult choice: they can give up their jobs in the city and have the whole family return to their former home for several years; the husband and wife can live apart while one returns to their former residence with the child; or they can send the child back to their former home, alone, to study. The alternative is for the child to settle for a mediocre high school in the city and then takes the examination for a technical vocational school, giving up on higher education. Any choice they make will have serious consequences.

很少有人理解中国大城市中的中产阶级的不安全感，特别在北京上海。一般情况下，他们在大城市中努力工作了十多年，成了家有了孩子，不再适合回农村老家生活。除了一张城市户口，他们就是城市人。突然有一天，他们发现因为户口的原因，他们的孩子不能在当地好的小学或者中学就读。更糟糕的是，他们的孩子不能在本地参加中考，只能回原籍。

这些家庭面临一个艰难的选择：放弃城里的工作，全家返回故居好几年或者夫妻一方带着孩子回到老家，或者只把孩子送回老家学习，孩子只能选择接受一个平庸的城市高中，然后考进职业技术学校，放弃高等教育。任何一种选择，都会带来严重后果。

-------------译者：塞北狼烟-审核者：文所未闻------------

These families feel deeply conflicted. You can just imagine the dissatisfaction; the feelings of insecurity and even anger that this leads to. These people are relatively small in number, but they are symbolic. They are the touchstone of China’s urbanization and the foundation of China’s social stability.

This level of dissatisfaction and insecurity did not exist in the 1980s. These issues became apparent in the 1990s and have now become serious. This means that China’s society has become sick and needs treatment. Many people say that these are development problems – they arise during a period of development and can only be solved by further economic growth. But the issue of core values will not be fixed by economic development.

Dr. Xue Li is Director of the Department of International Strategy at the Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Translation courtesy of Gao Dawei.

这些家庭面体验了沉重的矛盾，你完全可以想象到这种不满，这种情绪导致了不安全感，甚至愤怒。这些人相对较少，但具有代表性。他们是中国城市化的试金石和中国社会稳定的基础。

这种程度的不满和不安全感在1980年代并不存在。但是从1990年到现在已经变得严重。 这意味着中国社会生病了，得治。许多人认为这是发展带来的问题---它们在发展了一段时间之后出现，只能通过进一步发展来解决，但是核心价值观问题不是经济发展可以解决的。

薛力是中国社会科学院国际战略研究所的政治经济博士，翻译高大为。


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MMCRailgun • 11 days ago
An excellent point. But let's take another look at "lack of values" and what can happen. Stories abound online, and indeed 我 It should be noted that this does not in anyway mean there are no caring people in China, just that it is a lot rarer. Part of this is probably a lack of concern and some of it is definitely an effect of gov't policy and law. The gov't tried to eliminate all religiousness, Confucianism included, at one point and still oppresses and harasses most faiths. Now the total war on faith has led to a complete lack of moral foundation. Now this isn't to say religion is necessary for morality in the general sense (though as a Christian I feel it is important) but there are many points of morality that are common to many different religions, and as a result of them being a part of a faith people have more readily accepted said values. Another reason is rationality over whelming feeling, but fairly if I'm being honest. In China you can try and help someone who is hurt, save their life, and they sue you to cover the medical costs even though you did nothing but help them. I would honestly rather let someone like that rot too. Here in America we have "good Samaritan laws" that protect people from this sort of unfair penalization of nobility. I'd say it is perfectly fair to say that China has a values deficit and I argue that this has been directly cause by the CCP.

一个不错的观点，那么让我们看看缺乏核心价值观地发生什么呢。网上故事很多，我曾经和来中国的美国留学生交流过，他们指出在中国不经常互相帮助，应该注意的是，并非没有，只是很少，这一现象可能并不被关注。但有一些绝对是受到了政策和法律的影响。政府试图消除所有的宗教，包括儒学在内，还有一些信仰受到压迫和骚扰。而对信仰的全面战争导致了基础道德的缺失。现在这并不是说在一般意义上的宗教道德是必要的（虽然作为一个基督徒，我觉得很重要），但当共同的道德指向不同的宗教的时候，因为是本身信仰的一部分，所以更容易为人接受。另一个原因是，尽管我诚实，但是被理性压垮了，在中国，你可以尝试帮助受伤的人，挽救他们的生命，尽管你什么坏事也没干只想帮助他们，但仍被起诉要求赔偿医疗费，所以我宁可愿意他们就在原地腐朽。在美国，我们有“见义勇为法”，保护人民不受这种高贵的不公平处罚。我完全公平公正的说，我认为是中国共产党造成了这样的道德赤字。

-------------译者：塞北狼烟-审核者：文所未闻------------

South China Sea  MMCRailgun • 11 days ago
They fear not God but fear the CCP, it's corrupting their souls.

他们不怕上帝怕中共，它正在腐蚀他们的灵魂。
 
pug_ster  MMCRailgun • 11 days ago
it is no less than what US does with its religion, separation of Church and State. Besides, China's 'lack of values' is certain better America's wrong moral values. Americans believe that they are spreading compassion and good will to help others, but in reality they are really helping themselves. Look at the situation of how America is 'helping' Syria, Iraq, Libya, and others.

美国在宗教，教会和国家方面做的分化不比中共少，另外，中国的“价值观缺乏”也比美国的“价值观错误”更好。美国人相信他们在传播爱心和善意来帮助别人，但真实的情况是他们只是在帮助他们自己，看看美国人是如何“帮助”叙利亚，伊拉克，利比亚和其它国家的。

DC Musicfreak  pug_ster • 10 days ago
More clumsy, ill-informed propaganda. You simply don't understand separation of church and state and why it exists.

更加愚蠢和不明智的宣传，你真的不明白为什么要政教分离，并且为什么会分离。

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Taro-nechan • 11 days ago
Japanese throw coins at Temple's collection boxes as well but it's not seen as "worshiping money and material things."
 
Japanese are also not religious. they are born shinto, get married in a christian ceremony, and die buddhist. But they are spiritual: They pay respects to ancestors during O-bon and New Year, they write prayers at shrines on the eve of important exams, job interview or other important milestones. Japanese, also, do not make fun of other people's religion.
 
It's not the specific behavior that Xue Li raises that are wrong. It's the fact that the Chinese Communist Party does not want any role for personal belief within the Chinese population that is wrong, with CCP behaviour towards the Falun Gong being one of the most high profile examples available .
 
日本人也在寺庙的盒子里扔硬币但却不被认为是对“金钱和物质的崇拜”

日本人不信宗教，他们信神道，他们结婚用基督教的仪式，葬礼用佛教，他们的精神：新的一年里在盂兰盆节上祭拜祖先，他们在重要考试，面试或重要关头前在圣地写下祈祷，

日本人也不用嘲笑别人的信仰。
这并不是说薛力提出的具体行为是错误的，实际上，中共希望每个中国人的信仰都别错。中共对法 轮 功的的做法最引人注目。

patsaison  Taro-nechan • 6 days ago
Confucianism is making big comeback, as is appreciation of traditional values. The money thing is a money thing--it has gotten out of control. All there is is money is sounding barren.

儒学正在大步归来，如欣赏传统价值观。钱就只是钱-它已经不受控制。只拥有金钱的人是贫穷的。

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eiji  Taro-nechan • 11 days ago
let falun gong ideology to replace japan Shinto belief.
 
 让法 轮 功意识形态取代日本神道信仰。

fourtan  Taro-nechan • 11 days ago
U just described Chinese society.
 
恰恰是你所描述的中国社会
 
The Norseman  Taro-nechan • 11 days ago
" the Chinese Communist Party does not want any role for personal belief within the Chinese population that is wrong"
Who decides whether a persons 'personal' belief is wrong? I'm not sure what you're meaning to say.
This comment can be interpreted as the very reason why the Chinese Communist Party is a problem and is wrong. Wrong to an epic degree, in fact. Is that the point you're making?

“中共希望每个中国人的信仰都别错”？
谁来判定一个人是否信错了？我不确实你想表达什么。
这个评论可以理解成中共是一个问题，并且它错了。一个史诗般的错误，实际上，这个观点是你造成的？

-------------译者：塞北狼烟-审核者：文所未闻------------

fourtan  The Norseman • 11 days ago
He's trying to say, "Stop Waco, Texas before Waco, Texas happens.". Sheesh...

他想说，“停，韦科，德克萨斯应该在韦科之前，德克萨斯已经发生了。”天哪……
（1993年2月28日的事，具体是指当日美国联邦执法人员出动坦克和飞机，对大卫邪教设在韦科的总部进行围剿，当天在冲突中有6名大卫教徒和4名联邦执法人员丧生。
此后，双方进行了长达51天的武装对峙。1993年4月19日，为了结束对峙，联邦执法人员对大卫邪教总部韦科山庄采取行动，在坦克的掩护下攻入山庄，并施放了催泪瓦斯。在一场混战中，山庄被大火烧毁，80名包括妇女和儿童在内的大卫邪教教徒在枪战和大火中丧生。邪教教主考雷什也葬身火海。
由于在突袭中，大量妇女儿童丧生火海，此事引起美国媒体和民众对政府行为过当的批评，FBI也一直承受巨大压力。2000年7月21日，美国独立检察官约翰·丹福斯在记者招待会上公布了对“韦科事件”的初步调查结果，认为1993年80名大卫邪教教徒在与执法人员的武装对峙中丧生是邪教内部造成的，政府方面没有任何过错）------百度（原文没有，我加上去以方便大家了解这段话）
 
The Norseman  fourtan • 11 days ago
It already happened in Tiananmen Square in1989.

在1989年的天安门广场已经发生过了。

pug_ster  Taro-nechan • 11 days ago
" It's the fact that the Chinese Communist Party does not want any role for personal belief within the Chinese population that is wrong, with CCP behaviour towards the Falun Gong being one of the most high profile examples available ."
Oh then I can say that America's role in separation of Church and State is wrong and America's behavior towards the Branch Davidians in Waco Texas is an example. Besides, there are an estimate of 70+ million Christians in China, why didn't the CCP persecute them? Give me a break.

“这是事实，中共不希望每个中国人都别信错，中共对法 轮 功的行为最引人注目”
哦， 那么我可以说美国在政教分离方面行为和作用是错误的，以大卫教派在德克萨斯韦科就是一个例子。在中国有70+百万基督徒，为什么中共不迫害他们？饶了我吧。
 
Taro-nechan  pug_ster • 7 days ago
Do you get 50 cents per break as well?

你每次都能拿到不止五毛吧？

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Bob Bob  pug_ster • 10 days ago
The CCP does persecute Christians in China.

中共在中国迫害基督教徒。

pug_ster  Bob Bob • 10 days ago
And VOA is a source of 'fair and balanced' news? you got to be joking, right?

来自美国之音的“公平与平衡”的新闻？你在开玩笑，对吧？

Redmond • 11 days ago
You can see this lack of core values manifesting itself at how the people treats its neighbors. For example, thousands of chinese citizens feel proud of their country for employing deception against Tokyo and Manila to gain territory and access to resources in anothers border. I would normally be ashamed of my own country if my government committed such despicable acts but this is apparently not the case among the Chinese. The moral implication of this is tremendous because we have a population here who have no sense of fairness. Their sense of what is right and wrong is skewed. The west is still hopeful to win the hearts and minds of these people though, because unlike the arabs, they are relatively benign and redeemable.

你可以看到因为价值观的缺失是如何体现在人们对邻国的表现上，成千上万的中国公民为中国能通过欺骗东京和马尼拉而获得领土而感到自豪。如果我们的政府承诺这种卑劣的行为，我通常会为自己的国家感到羞耻，但显然这不是中国人的情况。这里有巨大的道德含义只因为我们中有一个人感觉不公平。而中国人的对错是扭曲的，西方国家仍希望可以赢得这些人的心灵和思想，相对阿拉伯人，他们相对良性也可以被挽救。

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patsaison  Redmond • 6 days ago
Manila and Tokyo--birthplaces and centers of deception themselves. Japanese and Filipinos, neither are exactly the epitome of values and integrity.
Look at the killing of Taiwan fisherman by Filipinos--was that something to be proud of and fair? And the Japanese behavior in the past.
Pot calling kettle black.
 
马尼拉和东京，自我欺骗的发源地和中心，日本和菲律宾，也正是这种价值观的完整体现和缩影
看看菲律宾人对台湾渔民的杀戮，这种事情公平吗？日本以前也干过。
壶底锅底一样黑。

Redmond  patsaison • 5 days ago
You have to understand the exact details how it happened.
The Philippine coast guard called on the Taiwanese fishing boat that was poaching well within the Philippine territory. In fact it was traced to have gone within 12 miles off the coast of Luzon. But instead of submitting to the authorities, the Taiwanese ran circles around the Philippine coast guard, openly mocking them from their deck. Under normal circumstances, the firing was justified because it was the usual behavior of a vessel carrying contraband (such as drugs). Even if you innocently intrude into someone else's waters, you shouldn't behave like that. The Chinese color isn't black but green, because y'all are green with envy towards other countries' natural resources. Next time you should buy fish. Don't steal them.

你必须了解这事的具体细节是怎么回事。
菲律宾海岸警卫队对台湾 通告了是在菲律宾海域偷渔，实际上这是在吕宋岛12海里范围。不用向当局提交报告。台湾人在菲律宾海警周围，他们还在甲板上嘲笑。正常情况下，开枪合理。一般来说它是一种携带违禁品（如毒品）的行为。即使你无意闯入别人的海域，也不应该这样做。中国不是黑色而是绿色，你们是绿色是因为嫉妒别的国家的自然资源，下次你们最好买鱼，别偷。-------------译者：塞北狼烟-审核者：文所未闻------------

patsaison  Redmond • 5 days ago
Your version is vastly different from the report from Taiwan. Running circles around the Philippine coast guard. Yeah, right.
 
你的版本和来自台湾的完全不同，围着菲律宾海警跑圈子，是的，正确。
 
Redmond  patsaison • 5 days ago
It was caught on tape and GPS recordings. Admit it. The Taiwanese are just as bigoted and uncivilized as the mainlanders. KMT or CPC? It doesn't matter. The same kind of people that needs to be taught some manners and would have been better off under the Japanese Imperial government.

这一行为被磁带和GPS记录了。承认吧，台湾人和不文明的大陆人一样顽固。国民党或者共产党？没有区别，你们是同样的人都需要在日本帝国政府统治下学些礼仪，也会做得更好。
 
patsaison  Redmond • 5 days ago
That is what should happen to you and yours.

那是应该发生在你和你们身上的事 。