【独立报】由于经济恶化，茉莉花革命七年后突尼斯痛苦前行 [英国媒体]

Pain amid progress for Tunisia seven years after Jasmine Revolution as economy bites

【独立报】由于经济恶化，茉莉花革命七年后突尼斯痛苦前行
  


In December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a street vendor beaten down by years of poverty and oppression, took his own life in the town of Sidi Bouzid by setting himself on fire. Weeks of protest followed across Tunisia leading to 23 years of authoritarian rule being swept away with President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali fleeing the country.

2010年12月，穆罕默德·布阿齐齐(MohamedBouazizi)，一个被多年贫困和压迫打垮的街头小贩，在西迪·布齐德镇自焚，自杀身亡。突尼斯各地持续了数周的抗议活动，导致长达23年的独裁统治被终结，总统阿比丁·本·阿里(Zineal-AbineBenAli)逃离突尼斯。

The momentous events seven years ago turned out to be the beginning of the Arab Spring which would spread through the region, bringing down dictators and reshaping countries, but also start a cycle of strife which continues today.

七年前发生的这起重大事件是阿拉伯之春的开端，它将在整个区域蔓延，推翻独裁者和重塑国家，但也开始了一个持续至今的冲突循环。

The run up to the anniversary of Tunisia’s Jasmine Revolution has been marked by violent demonstrations in which government buildings, police stations and cars have been burned, roads blocked, a protestor killed, hundreds, including 97 members of the security forces, injured and around 800 people arrested.

在突尼斯茉莉花革命周年纪念日前，发生了暴力示威活动，政府大楼、警察局和汽车被烧毁，道路被堵塞，一名抗议者丧生，数百人受伤，包括97名安全部队成员，约800人被捕。

With the army deployed in the streets, the current leader, Beji Caid Essebsi, has visited poor neighbourhoods of Tunis, promising to address grievances. On Sunday, as a rally took place to mark Liberation Day, he attended the hastily brought forward opening of a youth club in Ettadhmen, an impoverished suburb. It was, he acknowledged, the first time any senior government official had been to the neighbourhood.

随着军队部署在街头，现任领导人贝吉·凯德·埃塞布西(Beji Caid Essebsi)访问了突尼斯的贫困地区，承诺要解决人们的不满。周日，当一场庆祝解放日的集会举行时，他参加了在埃塔德门(Ettadhmen)一个贫困的郊区匆忙提前举行的青年俱乐部开幕仪式。他承认，这是第一次有高级政府官员到附近去。

But there were renewed clashes as night fell with police firing tear gas in response to bricks and bottles thrown by a crowd of young men who dismissed government pledges to improve conditions. “The youth club has shiny new equipment, but that is not going to get us jobs, get us food with prices going up all the time,” said Mehdi, a 22-year-old who has never had regular employment. “They keep on making promises with fine words, but you can’t eat words”.

但随着夜幕降临，警察发射催泪瓦斯回应一群年轻人投掷的砖头和瓶子，引发了新一轮的冲突。这些年轻人拒绝接受政府关于改善生活条件的承诺。“这个青年俱乐部有闪亮的新设备，但这不会给我们带来工作，不会给我们带来食物，食品的价格一直在上涨，”22岁的梅迪说，他从未有过正规的工作。”他们总是说些漂亮话作承诺，但承诺是不能填饱肚子的。“

Tunisia has experienced some lethal violence which came as the Arab Spring turned into Arab Winter, with the beach massacre at Sousse and the attack on the Bardo museum in the capital, carried out by jihadists, claiming 60 lives. Governments have been formed and fallen, with the current one the ninth in place since Ben Ali.

在阿拉伯之春演变为阿拉伯之冬之际，突尼斯经历了一些致命的暴力事件，苏斯海滩的大屠杀和圣战分子袭击首都巴尔多博物馆，造成60人死亡。政府已经成立又垮台，目前的政府是自本·阿里以来的第九届政府。

Tunisia, nevertheless, is viewed by the West as the one state which had emerged from the upheavals with a democratic government and a functioning civic society. However, the deteriorating situation would be a cause of concern for the international community, with Libya next-door remaining a fragmented state ruled by militias, with a continuing Isis presence and the base for smugglers taking refugees into Europe across the Mediterranean.

然而，被西方看作是一个摆脱动乱，从民主政府和一个正常运作的公民社会中崛起的国家。然而，不断恶化的局势将引起国际社会的关注，邻国利比亚仍是一个由民兵统治的支离破碎的国家，ISIS继续存在，是走私者通过地中海将难民带入欧洲的基地。

The Interior Ministry in Tunis stated that 16 “Islamist extremists” have been among those arrested in the protests. Opposition parties charge that legitimate protests are being suppressed. Dhouha Bousetta, the leader of the left-wing Popular Front accused the government of “reproducing the methods of the oppressive Ben Ali regime. What they are trying to do is ‘tame’ us, to discourage us from supporting this popular movement.”

突尼斯内政部表示，在抗议活动中逮捕了16名“伊斯兰极端分子”。反对党指责合法的抗议活动正在被镇压。左翼人民阵线领导人杜哈·布塞塔指责政府“模仿了本·阿里政权的压迫性方式”。他们想要做的是“驯服”我们，阻止我们支持这一流行的运动。“

Economic hardship and corruption fuelled anger against Ben Ali’s regime. But the craving for political change was a key driving force. Freedom and reform would help solve other problems, I was repeatedly told by idealistic young men and women while covering the events at the time. But financial hardship continues for a large part of the population. Prices are rising at 10 per cent a year, the unemployment rate among young graduates stands at 30 per cent.

经济困难和腐败加剧了对本·阿里政权的愤怒。但对政治变革的渴望是一个关键的推动力，自由和改革将有助于解决其他问题，我在当时报道这一事件时，理想主义的青年男女反复告诉我这一点。但大部分人口的经济困难仍在继续，物价以每年10%的速度上涨，年轻毕业生的失业率为30%。

The state of the economy remains precarious. The IMF, which loaned Tunisia ￡2.2bn in 2015 to avert a severe breakdown, warned last month of the need to take “urgent action” and “decisive measures” to reduce the deficit. Proposed austerity measures and raising of taxes, due to make a range of goods from cooking gas, to coffee, phone calls and cars more expensive, have become sources of the current discontent.

经济状况仍然岌岌可危，国际货币基金组织(IMF)于2015向突尼斯提供了二十二亿英镑贷款，以避免出现严重崩溃。IMF上月警告称，必须采取“紧急行动”和“果断措施”，以减少赤字。拟议的紧缩措施和增税措施，使从烹饪油到咖啡、电话，汽车等一系列商品变得更加昂贵，已成为当前不满情绪的根源。

The government has promised action to improved medical care, housing and benefits. Social Affairs Minister Mohammed Trabelsi said: “We are prepared to increase welfare payments to those in need by 170 million dinars (￡50 million). This will help 250,000 families; it will help the poor as well as the middle classes”. But opposition parties and unions say they are deeply sceptical of the government’s ability to deliver meaningful improvement.

政府承诺采取行动改善医疗、住房和福利。社会事务部长穆罕默德·特拉贝西(MohammedTrabelsi)说：“我们准备把对那些有需要的人的福利金增加一亿七千万第纳尔(五千万英镑)，这将帮助250000个家庭；它将帮助穷人和中产阶级“。但反对党和工会表示，他们对政府是否有能力做出有意义的改善深表怀疑。

The near collapse of the tourist industry has been a huge blow. The foreign visitors at Sousse and the Bardo had been deliberately targeted by the terrorists with the aim of hitting the country’s largest source of foreign income and destabilising the country. As well as prompting unrest it held the prospect of creating a recruiting pool of unemployed and disaffected young men.

旅游业的几近崩溃是一个巨大的打击。Sousse和Bardo的外国游客被恐怖分子蓄意作为目标，目的是打击该国最大的外国收入来源，破坏国家稳定，除了引发社会动荡，它还希望建立一个吸引失业和心怀不满的年轻人的恐怖分子招募基地。

Britain was among the first Western states to warn nationals not to visit Tunisia in the aftermath of the Sousse attack and continued with this travel advice despite the Tunisian government bringing in extensive security measures. The warning remained in place as Tunisia remained free of terrorist attacks while bombings and shootings, with mass casualties, took place in the UK, France and Germany.

英国是最早警告国民不要在Sousse袭击后访问突尼斯的西方国家之一，尽管突尼斯政府采取了广泛的安全措施，但英国仍继续提供这种旅行建议，这一警告仍在继续，尽管突尼斯没有遭受恐怖袭击，反而英国、法国和德国发生了爆炸和枪击事件，造成大量人员伤亡。

Seifeddine Rezgui, the young student who carried out the Sousse murders, after being trained at an Isis camp across the border in Libya, lived with other members of his cell at the Islamic holy city of Kairouan. The imam at the Grand Mosque of Sidi Uqba, Taib al-Gazi, who had made a stand against radical clerics spoke to me about the dangers caused by the disappearing tourist trade.

Seifeddine Rezgui是一名年轻的学生，在利比亚边境对面的一个ISIS营地接受训练后实施了Sousse谋杀案，他和他的其他成员一起住在伊斯兰圣城凯鲁万（注：Kairouan，突尼斯城市名）。Sidi Uqba大清真寺的阿訇， Taib al-Gazi，这位曾反对激进的神职人员对我说，危险的存在导致了旅游贸易的消失。

“We were being infected by extremism, it was very dangerous, we managed to put a stop to that, but these people are reappearing, we know the extremists are here and they will try to spread their poison again,” he warned. “Britain should help us get rid of them, not help them by taking away the livelihood of so many young people”.

他警告说：“我们被极端主义感染了，这是非常危险的，我们设法阻止了这一切，但这些人正在重新出现，我们知道极端分子在这里，他们将试图再次传播他们的流毒。”，“英国应该帮助我们摆脱这些问题，而不是来帮助他们夺走这么多年轻人的生计。”

The UK government’s travel warning has since been rescinded and some British and other Western tourists are slowly going back, but the industry will take time to recover. Nacer Belhouane, who saw his travel business in Tunis fold in the months following the Sousse attack, said: “It’s depressing that a company my father had built up was forced to close. Lots of people suffered because Tunisia is so dependant on tourism. The government should have invested in other industries. They should have attracted foreign investors, but they haven’t done that.

英国政府的旅游警告已被撤销，一些英国和其他西方国家的游客正在慢慢回归，但旅游业需要时间才能恢复。纳塞·贝尔胡安(Nacer Belhouane)在苏斯袭击发生后的几个月里，目睹了他在突尼斯的旅游业务的遭遇，他说：“我父亲建立的一家公司被迫倒闭，这令人沮丧，许多人因为突尼斯如此依赖旅游业而遭受痛苦。政府应该投资于其他行业，他们应该吸引外国投资者，但他们没有这么做。“

“The protests now are more about jobs and prices than political,” he added. People are fed up. Surely it’s in the interest of Europeans to invest in Tunisia, they would not want things to start getting bad again: all they have to do is look at Libya.”

他补充说：“现在的抗议更多的是关于就业和商品价格，而不是政治。”
”人们受够了，当然，在突尼斯投资符合欧洲人的利益，他们不希望事情再次变得糟糕：他们所要做的就是看看利比亚。“ 

For those taking part in the anniversary march on Sunday, however, there were things to celebrate. “It’s not perfect, but we now have democracy, we have freedoms we didn’t have before, we shouldn’t forget that” said Nadia Makhlouf, a 30-year-old teacher who had helped organise marches against the Ben Ali regime. But she warned: “The government has got to be careful, there will be lot more trouble if things don’t get better. People are getting very disillusioned.”

然而，对于那些参加周日周年纪念游行的人来说，还是有一些值得庆祝的事情。“虽然还不完美，但我们现在有了民主，我们有了以前没有的自由，我们不应该忘记，”30岁的教师纳迪亚·马赫鲁夫(Nadia Makhlouf)说，她曾帮助组织反对本·阿里政权的游行，但她警告说：“政府必须小心，如果情况不好转，将会有更多的麻烦，人们的幻想破灭了。“

Disillusionment came early to Sidi Bouzid, the “cradle of the revolution”. A year after the Tunisian uprising I went there while covering the Libyan civil war to find that the family of Mohamed Bouazizi had left town among acrimony with neighbours; a plaque put up to honour Mohamed had been torn down and graffiti praising him as a martyr painted over. A municipal official who had abused him had been freed from prison, all charges dropped, to cheers from a crowd gathered outside the courtroom。

“革命的摇篮”西迪布济德（译注：Sidi Bouzid，突尼斯共和国中部城市，西迪布济德省首府）早就幻灭了。突尼斯起义一年后，我在报道利比亚内战时前往那里，发现Mohamed Bouazizi（译注：第一段提到的那个自焚而死的小贩）一家人在与邻居的争吵中离开了小镇；为纪念Mohamed而竖起的一块牌匾被拆除，墙上的涂鸦赞扬他是烈士，一名曾虐待过他的市政官员被释放，所有的指控都被撤销，在法庭外聚集的人群欢呼雀跃。

There is little to cheer in Sidi Bouzid at the anniversary of the revolution. A new statue was erected for Mohamed Bouzazi and various government projects to create jobs put forward after the town became briefly famous. But locals claim much of that has come to nothing: unemployment rate among young graduates is 15 per cent higher than nationally – 45 per cent.

革命周年纪念日上，西迪布齐德已经没有什么值得庆祝的了，小镇短暂成名后，一座为纪念Mohamed Bouzazi的新雕像树立了起来，之后的各种政府项目都在创造就业机会，但本地人声称，其中大部分都已成为泡影：年轻毕业生的失业率比全国高出15%--45%。

There was a march of around 40 people last Saturday. It reached the statue of Bouazizi. There were chants calling on the government to resign, and then people dispersed.

上周六大约有40人参加了游行，它到达了Mohamed Bouza的雕像，有人高呼口号，要求政府下台，然后人们就散开了。

“It was not much of a march. Sidi Bouzid is forgotten by those in power in Tunis, it is doing worse than other places, this is not a wealthy area and everyone is suffering,” said Fethi Lajmi, whose degree in engineering has failed to get him a job. “I have sent my details for 24 jobs, but nothing. My friends are in the same position. We don’t have hope here any longer, we just feel angry.” 

“那不是什么游行，突尼斯的当权者已经忘记了西迪布齐德，那里的情况比其他地方差，那不是一个富裕的地方，每个人都在受苦。“费西·拉伊米说，他的工程学位没有给他带来工作。“我已经把我的详细资料寄给了24个公司，但什么也没有，我的朋友们也是一样的，我们在这里再也没有希望了，我们只是感到愤怒。“



andrew76543：
No more tunisian in the UK. The UK is an open and tolerant country, not arabland!!!!

英国不能再有更多的突尼斯人了。英国是一个开放和宽容的国家，但不是阿拉伯国家！！！

LightnFluffy Reborn：
The first free and fair election resulted in majority support for turning Tunisia into an Islamic theocracy.  Islam has never been compatible in the long term with democracy so it's simply inevitable that the'Islamists' will win in the end.

第一次自由和公正的选举导致多数人支持将突尼斯变成伊斯兰神权国家。从长远来看，伊斯兰教从来没有与民主相容，所以伊斯兰主义者最终获胜是不可避免的。

Bungabunga：
Win in the medium term, but lose in the long term. Take Iran, 30yrs of clerical rule. And the Iranians over there that I met had had enough of both their rulers and mohammadenism. 
Takes time, but change will occur. Maybe like the Soviet Empire it takes 40-50yrs, when the people ruling are 2nd or 3rd generation from the revolution.

在中期赢得胜利，但从长期来看是失败的。以伊朗为例，长达30年的宗教统治，我在那里遇到的伊朗人已经经受够了他们的统治者和穆罕穆德主义。
这需要时间，但变化会发生。也许就像苏联帝国一样，它需要40-50年的时间，当革命的第二代或第三代登上统治舞台的时候。

LightnFluffy Reborn:
Even if the majority of Iranians want an end to theocracy, the religious minority always control Islamic countries because the 'moderates' don't have a scriptural leg to stand on.

即使大多数伊朗人想要结束神权统治，宗教少数派也总是控制着伊斯兰国家，因为“温和派”没有**经的支持。

Abyssinian:
Been there once, never again. 

去过一次（突尼斯），之后再也不想去了。

Musicmouse：
"Surely it’s in the interest of Europeans to invest in Tunisia, they would not want things to start getting bad again: all they have to do is look at Libya.”
It looks like Tunisia doesn't get it. Those in Europe who invest are companies and they care only about money. 

”在突尼斯投资符合欧洲人的利益，他们不希望事情再次变得糟糕：他们所要做的就是看看利比亚。“ 
——看来突尼斯人还是没明白，那些在欧洲投资者都是公司，他们只关心钱。

Voice of Treason：
Its amazing how we have both Islamists and Liberals praising and promoting Islamism as a excellent political/social and economic model by which a country should be run. Yet, no one can point to any benefits the Islamist thugs and would be dictators can offer anyone. They all say "if we run the country with God's rules it would be perfect"but when they tried it in Syria and Iraq it was about sex, slaves, rapes, theft of others property, destruction of  ancient monuments, unspeakable cruelty and hatred. None of this makes for a good society. The Islamists in Tunisia have managed to destroy other people's livelihood and produced nothing useful - yet again. Even communism could produce things even if they were poor quality but Islamism is just a religious version of nasty violent street gangs.

令人惊讶的是，我们的伊斯兰主义者和自由党人都称赞和提倡伊斯兰主义，认为这是一个国家应该遵循的极好的政治、社会和经济模式。然而，没有人能指出伊斯兰暴徒和独裁者可以给任何人带来的任何好处。他们都说：“如果我们按照上帝的法则来管理这个国家，那将是完美的”，但当他们在叙利亚和伊拉克尝试的时候，结果却是关于性、奴隶、强奸、盗窃他人财产、毁坏古代纪念碑、无法形容的残忍和仇恨。所有这些都不能促成一个良好的社会。突尼斯的伊斯兰主义者设法摧毁了其他人的生计，却没有产生任何有用的结果，就算是共产主义也能产出一些有用东西，即使它们质量很差，伊斯兰主义不过是肮脏的街头暴力团伙的宗教版本。

Rosko Ronkenfoffel：
"if we run the country with God's rules it would be perfect"
That's also Israel's creed isn't it.
"but when they tried it in Syria and Iraq it was about sex, slaves, rapes, theft of others property, destruction of  ancient monuments, unspeakable cruelty and hatred. None of this makes for a good society."
Ditto Israel regarding Palestine.

“ 如果我们用上帝的法则来统治国家那将是完美的。”
——这也是以色列的信条。

”但当他们在叙利亚和伊拉克尝试的时候，结果却是关于性、奴隶、强奸、盗窃他人财产、毁坏古代纪念碑、无法形容的残忍和仇恨。“
——以色列在巴勒斯坦问题上也是如此。