中国长寿地图 [英国媒体]

每人一小段，翻译我也行！
每日新素材，等你来认领！ http://www.ltaaa.com/translation/ 

-------------译者：二点亦旋-审核者：文所未闻------------
   
研究专项：1990-2013 年中国 240 种疾病别死亡率:2013 年全球疾病负担研究的省级水平的系统性分析 

地图标注：中国平均寿命预期=委内瑞拉，
来源：《柳叶刀》；世界卫生组织（WHO）；华盛顿大学健康衡量标准和评估中心(IHME)



China’s economic rise is well-known. But the vast improvement in the health and longevity of its people—despite appalling levels of pollution—is less so. A new study published in theLancet for the first time offers a province-by-province breakdown of China’s health. Our map displays life expectancy at birth for each of the 33 provincial-level regions, matched with the country that is most similar by this measure.

尽管中国经济的高速增长广为人知，但它在健康和人均寿命方面的重大进步（尽管污染问题很严重）却不为人所知。《柳叶刀》上最新发表的一篇报告首次做出了中国大陆及香港、澳门特别行政区（译着：原文仅为China且地图中没有包含台湾省）各省健康情况分析地图。该地图显示了33个省级地区寿命预期，并用与该地区预期相近的国家名进行标注。

-------------译者：二点亦旋-审核者：文所未闻------------
 
The study* shows that a baby born in China in 1990 would live on average to the age of 68. One born in 2013 could expect to reach 76, beyond the age at which Confucius said “one can follow one’s heart’s desires—without crossing the line.” There is a large disparity between provinces, but the gap is narrowing. In Shanghai life expectancy is now 83—as good as Switzerland. People in six areas live longer than Americans. The most impressive progress has taken place in the most benighted regions: a child in Tibet born in 1990 had a life expectancy of 56, akin to one of the poorest African countries. This has risen to 70, roughly the same as Moldova, one of Europe’s poorer countries.
 
该研究显示，生于1990年的婴儿，平均预期寿命为68岁。而在2013年出生的婴儿，平均预期寿命为76岁，已经超过了孔夫子说的可以“从心所欲，不逾矩”的年龄。各地区的预期寿命相差甚远，但是差距正在缩小。上海市的预期寿命已经到达了83岁，与瑞士人寿命相当。6个地区的中国人寿命超过了美国人。最令人瞩目的变化发生在最黑暗的地区：西藏1990年出生的儿童预期寿命为56岁，与非洲最贫穷的国家相当，而这个预期现在已经上升到了70岁，与欧洲穷国摩罗多瓦基本相同。

The causes of death are also changing. There has been much progress in reducing infectious diseases (albeit less for HIV/AIDS). But diseases associated with lifestyle—such as strokes and heart disease—are now the biggest killers.

死亡原因也发生了变化。在减少传染病方面取得了很大进步（虽然HIV/AIDS减少得不多）。但是与生活方式相关的疾病——例如中风和心脏病——变成了现在最大的死亡原因。


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kommonsensesNov 13th, 16:17
I say Chinese are doing the right thing. you have to live longer before you can learn longer, and you have to learn longer before you can earn longer.
and you have to earn longer before you can live even longer.

 我说中国的做法是正确的。你必须活得长才能学得多，学得多才能赚得多，赚得多才能活得长。
 
kommonsensesin reply to kommonsensesNov 13th, 16:30
The graph shows definitely why Tibetans today don't want dalai lama to be anywhere near them.
life expectancy of Tibetans when ruled by serfdom lord dalai lama who fled them in 1957 was barely about 30 years.

图表明确地显示了为什么如今藏人不欢迎达赖喇嘛。
1957年达赖喇嘛逃离西藏前，在他农奴制统治下的藏人的预期寿命只有差不多30岁。

-------------译者：光脚上街-审核者：文所未闻------------
 
Jean Michelin reply to kommonsensesNov 15th, 03:14
Few people in Tibet, let alone China as a whole, wants the Dalai Lama. Dalai Lama and his clique of monks have sold themselvex to the CIA. The CIA, for their part, use theDalai Lama and his clique to destabilise China by carrying out various terrorist activities. It is a pity that the representatives of such a great religion could stoop so low. At the same time, the CIA uses its money to carry out in the western media an abject campaign of disinformation and misrepresentation of the situation in Tibet to fool the naive western population.

在西藏没有几个人想要达赖喇嘛回来，更不用说在整个中国了。达赖喇嘛跟他的和尚团已经投靠了CIA，CIA利用他们通过各种恐怖活动来破坏中国的稳定。真遗憾，一个伟大宗教的代表可以如此卑躬屈膝。同时，中情局用钱在西方媒体上无耻的抹黑西藏的现实情况来愚弄天真的西方群众。

-------------译者：光脚上街-审核者：文所未闻------------
 
steven at the 59th parallelNov 13th, 11:24
Life expectancy as in Switzerland

预期寿命跟瑞士一样

There is something strange here. According to the map the life expectancy in Shanghai is very long (83 years) and it is almost as long in neighbouring Zheijang.
However, we are frequently informed about the bad state of air pollution in China and about its ill effects on people, e.g.

奇怪的是，按照地图显示，上海的预期寿命非常长，几乎与邻近省份浙江一样
但是，我们经常听说关于中国的空气污染及雾霾的致病作用，如此之类的消息

http://aqicn.org/city/shanghai/
where Shanghai stands out not as the worst but nevertheless as a really bad place for air quality.
These facts are hard to reconcile. If the life expectancy map is correct air pollution apparently has negligible effects.
Is this yet another proof that the environmentalists are overstating their case?

上海脱颖而出并不是最糟的，然而，就空气质量来说，确实挺糟糕的
这种情况很难协调。如果这张预期寿命图是准的，那么很显然，空气污染对寿命的副作用就是微乎其微的
难道这就是环保主义者夸大其词的另一个证据？

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guest-najlojjin reply to steven at the 59th parallelNov 14th, 03:12
2 other things could be at play here:
1. environmental effects are not well-studied enough to affect actuarial models
2. With cleaner air Shanghai's life expectancy would be significantly greater than 83 years

 可能的两个解释
1，环境因素并没有被充分地考虑进模型中。
2，拥有清洁的空气后上海人的预期寿命将远大于83岁。
 
y@yyyyHin reply to steven at the 59th parallelNov 14th, 06:28
Oxygen was once a pollutant from green plants!!!
Devil's

氧气还曾经是绿色植物排放的污染！！
呵呵

 -------------译者：二点亦旋-审核者：文所未闻------------
 
 
happyfish18Nov 13th, 05:56
With age of people living closer to closer to that of Noah, the Xi dude should not just increase the number of new babies but also increase the retirement age of oldies to say, 65+.
 
随着人民的寿命越来越接近诺亚（译着：诺亚为圣经中的人物，活了950岁），习兄弟不仅得着力提高新生儿数量，还得提高65岁以上老年人的退休年龄。
 
YoungWeberin reply to happyfish18Nov 13th, 09:04
I say 75, you have to get people working past the average mortality rate.
 
我觉得老年人应该是指75岁以上的，你得保证劳动人口超过平均死亡率。 

HoushuNov 13th, 03:12
Say a Tibetan, looking at this map and says: 'I need to move to shanghai so I can live longer'.
If you think he is kind of stupid, what do you think of the policy that 'since high school graduate earns more money and pays more tax, we should give everyone a high school diploma'.
Or, the thinking that 'since overwhelming majority of college graduates vote Democrats, we should give everyone a free two-year community college education'...
Equally stupid? hehehe...

如有一个XZ人，看着这张地图说：“我得搬到上海去，那样就能活得更久了。”
如果你认为他是一个笨蛋，那你怎么看这条政策：“因为高中毕业生能够赚更多的钱，缴更高的税，所以我们应该给每一个人都发张高中文凭。”
或者看看这条：“由于绝大部分大学毕业生会投票给民主党，所以我们应该让每个人都去接受一个免费的2年制大学教育”……
是不是一样蠢？呵呵呵……

-------------译者：二点亦旋-审核者：文所未闻------------
 
Jeffrey_peng116Nov 13th, 01:36
Where is the Taiwan in this Chinese map？
 
这张中国地图上的台湾在哪儿？
 
Jean Michelin reply to Jeffrey_peng116Nov 13th, 04:15
And they have forgotten also Nansha Island in the South China Sea.
 
而且中国南海上的南沙群岛也不在这张地图上。 

YoungWeberNov 12th, 23:45
What is the point of a Chinese man getting rich if he can't eat Dong Po everyday? What good is the money if you cannot enjoy it; life is about quality; not quantity.
 
如果中国人不能天天吃东坡餐厅，那变富了有什么意义？不懂得享受，赚了钱有什么用？生活在质不在量。
 
beihusiNov 12th, 09:16
Well. Maybe the good envirenment could not bring longer life to people,and the economic maybe could.

好吧，没准健康的环境不会让人们长寿，反而是良好的经济能做到这点。

-------------译者：二点亦旋-审核者：文所未闻------------
 
ashbirdNov 12th, 02:53
Thank you, TE, for reporting this LANCET article.
 
《经济学人》，谢谢你报道了《柳叶刀》上的文。
 
ashbirdin reply to ashbirdNov 12th, 09:56
Lancet subscription is USD $174/year . Website is accessed by a click of the mouse.
Abstracts are free for readers who strangely doubt the veracity of a LANCET report.
And ask an even stranger Q: Why should anyone believe in Chinese government statistics?
Why should anyone believe Chinese do not grow horns on their foreheads?
 
《柳叶刀》的订阅费是174美元/年，他们的网站你用鼠标一点就能进去。
那些莫名其妙怀疑《柳叶刀》文章真实性的人，网站上列出了所有文章的摘要都是可以免费阅读的。
还居然问一个更加莫名其妙的问题：为什么要相信中国政府的统计数据？
你们怎么不问问：为什么要相信中国人脑门儿上没长角？
 
guest-iwaonwwNov 12th, 01:45
So what? We still have serious human rights issues (in the eyes of Western Countries)...lol

预期寿命延长了又如何？（在西方国家的眼里）我们还有严重的人权问题呢……呵呵

-------------译者：二点亦旋-审核者：文所未闻------------
 
MagicMoneyFrogin reply to guest-iwaonwwNov 12th, 03:21
Life expectancy is decreasing among white men in the USA because of rising rates of suicide and drug addiction; but we still have the ability to post snarky comments about Obama. Hence, all is well.

在美国，白人的预期寿命在缩短，这是因为自杀率和药物上瘾率的不断飙升；但是我们有自由，我们能发表关于奥巴马的恶意评论。如此，万事皆欢喜。
 
Houshuin reply to MagicMoneyFrogNov 13th, 03:05
You mean that a long life, without the ability to post snarky comments about Obama, is not worth living? man, you are so racist...

楼上的，你的意思是，如果一辈子不发表关于奥巴马的恶意评论，那活多长都是白活了么？兄弟，你真是一个种族主义者……
 
Expand 1 more reply
FGjBYNfEnbNov 12th, 01:25
Assuming that these stats are correct, it is fortunate that the Chinese people do not have to consider all the diet articles and studies that North Americans and Europeans are faced with on a daily basis - just increase the quality of medical care and living standards and people live longer - why spend all this time worrying about eating too much meat or/and butter, because, if you stay fit, at the margin it really does not make much difference - it's really about genetics!

假使文中所述情况属实，那中国人太幸运了，他们不用像北美和欧洲人那样时刻想着所有关于饮食的文章并且去学习文中的健康饮食——只需要提高医疗水平和生活水平，人们就能活得更长了——为什么要花时间去担心吃了太多肉和/或黄油，因为只要你活得舒服，在这个范围内吃什么并没有造成什么差别——其实只受遗传因素影响！

 -------------译者：二点亦旋-审核者：文所未闻------------
 
rxsquaredin reply to FGjBYNfEnbNov 12th, 22:28
Meat and butter are part of a healthy diet! The elimination of saturated fats in the 20th century has been one of the biggest dietary missteps in nutritional history!

楼上的，肉和黄油都是健康饮食的一部分！20世纪消灭饱和脂肪一事已经成为营养史中最大的饮食方向性错误之一。
 
guest-najlojjNov 12th, 00:18
Dear TE:
This map is not quite useful...its not the same as labeling each of China's provinces with a country's GDP.
I doubt the average reader can really get a sense of how different life expectancy rates are across all these countries since most of them fall within a pretty narrow range.
My humble suggestion:
A simple bar graph comparing the top 5 provinces of today vs back in 1990, and the bottom 5 provinces of today vs back in 1990.

亲爱的《经济学人》：
这张地图其实并没有什么用……这跟为中国各省标记上GDP总量不同。我怀疑你的读者群平均水平还没到能看懂这张地图的高度，因为地图上省份太多，而各省之间的差别也不是那么大，所以很难搞清楚到底哪个省的寿命预期长，哪个省的寿命预期短。
我的浅见是：
只选取寿命预期最长的5个省份和最短的5个省份，将其现在的寿命预期以条形图的方式，与其1990年的寿命预期作对比。

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MichaelTheGringoNov 11th, 21:34
Decreasing child mortality can really boost average longevity numbers, even if the pollution gets to you after 30 or 50. Unlike a democracy, China won't tolerate a model/actress saying that vaccines cause autism (disproven!) and can ensure all children get vaccinated. Alas, freedom of speech means morons get a voice too.

降低儿童死亡率就能使平均寿命的数字暴涨，即使你会因为污染而在30岁或者50岁以后生病。跟民主政体不同，中国不会容许一个偶像/女演员站出来说注射疫苗会导致自闭症（这当然是瞎掰！）并且可以保证所有孩子都接种疫苗。唉，言论自由就是让傻瓜都能站出来喊话。
 
MagicMoneyFrogin reply to MichaelTheGringoNov 12th, 03:22
That's not even about freedom of speech. It's just about making vaccinations compulsory.

楼上的，这可不是言论自由的问题。这是要不要强制接种疫苗的问题。
 
Houshuin reply to MagicMoneyFrogNov 12th, 03:45
but isn't 'compulsory' antithetical to 'freedom'?

楼上的，难道与“强制”对立的不是“自由”吗？

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Hu anNov 11th, 19:41
The worst thing is that some readers from China will take this report as a proof that drinking hot water is better than cold water and tea better than...well, any other delicious drink. But healthier is not better my chinese friends! The same way living to 83 is not better than 75, just longer. And if you don′t believe me ask any finance minister from any country what would they prefer!!
..and now, call me suicidal, I′m going to eat bacon, drink a coke...and drive a Volkswagen.

最恐怖的事就是，一些中国人读到这篇报告就会拿它当作证据，证明喝热水比喝凉水好，还有茶比……任何好喝的东西要好。但是，我的中国朋友们，健康不一定比较好的啊！像你们那样活83岁，并不比像我们那样活75岁要好啊，只不过是长了点儿罢了。你们要是不相信我说的，可以随便去哪个国家找一个经济部长问问，看看他们到底更喜欢哪种活法儿！！
……现在，你可以说我是在自杀，反正我要去吃培根、喝可乐……然后再来一辆大众汽车开开了。
 
Keats0Nov 11th, 18:39
So correct me if I've gone color blind but if I'm not then according to this map Guatemala, Paraguay, Vietnam, and Cambodia all have a longer life expectancies than Moldova? I've been to all these countries bar Paraguay and I have a very, very hard time believing Cambodians live longer than Moldovans.

如果我是色盲的话请一定要告诉我，反正不管我怎么看，根据这张地图，圭地马拉、巴拉圭、越南以及柬埔寨这些国家的寿命预期都比摩尔多瓦长？我去过除了巴拉圭以外的上述所有国家，所以我真的、真的不能相信柬埔寨人活得会比摩尔多瓦人长。

 -------------译者：二点亦旋-审核者：文所未闻------------

canabanain reply to Keats0Nov 11th, 19:10
Life expectancy in Cambodia is 71.5 yrs. as only 69 yrs. in Moldova.
So yes, Cambodians live longer than Moldovans.
As someone already mentioned, E. Asian diet has a lot to do with it.

楼上的，柬埔寨人的寿命预期是71.5年，而摩尔多瓦是69年。
所以，确实，柬埔寨人活得比摩尔多瓦人要长。
就像上面楼里有人说的那样，东亚饮食是很重要的影响因素。
 
Keats0in reply to canabanaNov 11th, 19:36
Well color me corrected, I guess. I fully admit my evidence is anecdotal, and the Lancet is a trustworthy source. That wouldn't really explain Guatemala, a country with a poor diet and one of the highest murder rates in the world, but I'm willing to take their word for it. Perhaps excessive alcohol consumption may be a factor as well. I think the sole thing I liked better in Moldova than Cambodia (god knows food was not one) was the wine :).

谢谢楼上。这么说我应该不是色盲。我承认我那么说的证据只是一些轶事，而《柳叶刀》是一本值得信赖的杂志。但是这真的解释不了圭地马拉，这个国家的人吃得很差，而且谋杀率是世界最高的国家之一，不过我挺替他们活得这么长而高兴的。或许摩尔多瓦人喝了太多酒，也是导致他们活得没那么长的一个原因吧。反正唯一一个让我觉得摩尔多瓦比柬埔寨好的东西（上帝知道绝对不是食物）就是酒啦：）

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Expand 2 more replies
canabanaNov 11th, 18:38
Longevity is one of the main reasons why China has to ease up on the one child policy. With people living over 76 years on average instead of ~65 in the 60's, there will be a lot more seniors to be cared for and more working age people will be needed to provide the funds.
The other policy needs to be re-visited is the retirement age. The current retirement age is 60 for men and 55 for women set in the 60's when the average life expectancy were much lower and should be revise to 65 years for both sexes. The revision should help the working population and less pressure on pension funds.

长寿是中国不得不取消一胎政策的主要原因之一。当人们的平均寿命已经达到了76岁，而非60年代那会儿的65岁，越来越多的老人需要被照顾，而且需要更多的人去工作以赚取养活这些老人的钱。
另外一个值得商榷的政策就是退休年龄。目前退休年龄男人是60岁而女人是55岁，这是在60年代的时候确立的，那时候人的平均寿命预期要短得多，而现在应该将男女退休年龄都延长到65岁。这种改变可以大大减轻工作人口的退休金压力。

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ashbirdin reply to canabanaNov 12th, 09:19
I agree. Retirement age should be reset. 65 for both genders.
Also, there should be continuing government funded health education regarding smoking cessation, general dietary literacy (reduce use of animal fat and transfat, reduce salt, etc). Traditional health enhancement techniques such as Qigong practice should be popularized. A culture of filial piety should be fostered, not by force, but by example setting by young parents who have living parents of their own. Filial piety is an attitude of respect toward one's own parents, one of the most, if not the most, precious virtue in our 5000 year old culture - 孝.

楼上的，我同意你说的。退休年龄应该为男女都是65岁。
另外，政府应该继续资助健康教育包括抵制吸烟、普及健康饮食专业知识（例如减少使用动物油脂、减少摄入盐分等等）。传统的养生方法，例如练习气功，应该推广。应该培养传统文化中的孝顺，不是强迫，而是以树立榜样的方式，比如年轻夫妇孝顺父母的事例。孝顺是指一个人尊重自己的父母，这是我们5000年古老文明中最珍贵的，即使不是最珍贵也是其中之一的，文化——孝。

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