为什麽是时候给予伊斯兰国外交承认了 [英国媒体]

独立报：为什麽是时候给予伊斯兰国外交承认了

Last week saw the publication of a cache of internal memos leaked from official Isis sources, including a “24-page statecraft blueprint”. The documents show that Isis has already lived up to its name, whether we like it or not.

不论我们喜不喜欢，就上周伊斯兰国官方出版的包含一份24页的建国蓝图看来，该文件已让伊斯兰国名符其实。

Yet Western policies continue to deny this reality. With the US and other Western countries are finally coming round to more reality-based drugs policies, the time has come to embrace the same principles of harm-reduction when it comes to international relations. Only by recognising and treating Isis as a bona fide state can we hope to understand its workings and motivations and, ultimately, contain its murderous advance across the region.

然而，西方政策继续否认这个现实。随着美国和其他西方国家最终会在基于损害控管的现实上改变主意，当涉及国际关系时减少危害的同样原则已是来到面对的时候了。只有通过承认伊斯兰国并以作为一个国家对待，我们才可理解其运作模式和动机，并在最终能遏制该国在整个地区的暴力发展。

History shows that diplomatic recognition of extremist governments can make them more likely to moderate their behaviour. While pariahs are able behave with impunity, when brought within the international system, they become subject to constraints. The most striking example of this was the Soviet Union.

历史证明对极端政府的外交承认可以让他们更容易约束自身的行为。这方面最突出的例子是苏联。

For three years following the revolution of 1917, the US, UK and France believed they could defeat the spread of Communism in Russia with force. Thousands of troops were deployed to fight against the Red Army in a brutal and confusing civil war, to no avail. When Vladimir Lenin finally proclaimed the creation of the USSR in 1922, Western powers refused to accept it.

自1917年十月革命之后的三年，美英法等国相信它们可以以武力击败击败共产主义在俄罗斯的蔓延。几千支军队被部署起来在残酷而混乱的内战中对抗红军，却无功而返。当弗拉基米尔‧列宁宣布在1922年建立苏维埃社会主义共和国的时候，西方国家拒绝承认它。

Shunned by the international community, the Bolsheviks acted in much the same way as Isis do now. Thousands of churches and priceless historical artefacts were destroyed in the name of an extremist ideology. Firing squads roamed the countryside brutally executing enemies of the regime. Similarly to Isis, Russia’s new rulers recognised neither the legitimacy of neighbouring governments nor the sanctity of their borders. For example, the Communist International explicitly sought to export world revolution and sponsored armed uprisings in Germany, Hungary and Estonia.

被国际社会所回避的布尔什维克，以如现在的伊斯兰国的同样方式表现。数百座教堂和无价的历史文物被以极端主义的意识形态之名摧毁。行刑队在乡间漫步残酷地处决反政权的敌人。这些都与伊斯兰国相似，俄罗斯的新统治者既不承认邻国政府的合法性和其边界领土的不可侵犯。例如共产国际明确地追求输出世界革命，并资助在德国、匈牙利和爱沙尼亚的布尔什维克武装起义。

Britain finally established diplomatic relations in 1924; nearly a decade passed before the US and most of the rest of the world followed suit. Widespread diplomatic recognition of the USSR did little to quell the internal excesses of the regime. But it did correspond to a shift in Soviet foreign policy from ideological zealotry to greater pragmatism and accommodation with its neighbours.

英国最后在1924年正式与其建交；近十年过去以后美国和世界大多数地区才追随。对苏联广泛的外交承认虽然没有平息该政权内部的过激行为，但是这相当于对苏联的对外政策引起了转变，从意识形态的狂热到对邻国更好的务实与妥协政策。

As the quest for world revolution was replaced with the much more modest doctrine of “Socialism in one country”, Moscow stopped actively plotting the overthrow of Western governments. While the USSR would remain a foe of the West for the next 50 years, it became a predictable and rational opponent, one that knew the rules of the game and could be counted to stick to them. In fact, for all its anxiety and terror, the cold war also produced the longest period of peace and stability between the great powers. The historian John Lewis Gaddis described it as the “long peace”.

由于世界革命的追求被较温和许多的"一国社会主义"的信条取代，莫斯科停止积极地策划推翻西方政府。虽然苏联在接下去的50年保持与西方对立，却成为一个可预测且理性的对手。一个知道游戏规则并会坚持到底。事实上，对于所有的焦虑和恐惧，冷战竟也产生了大国之间的最长时间的和平和稳定。历史学家约翰．路易斯将此形容为"长期和平"。

Isis exists, and wishful thinking cannot will it away. As with the war on drugs, which has singularly failed to curb either use or trafficking, the international bombing campaign has done little to stop the self-described Caliphate from attaining the core principles of statehood. It now controls significant territory, governs a population of up to 10 million, operates an increasingly sophisticated civil service bureaucracy and has largely established a monopoly on violence. Only by accepting reality and extending diplomatic recognition to Isis can the West hope to gain a credible means to moderate and constrain its further advance. The Soviet scenario is now the least worst option: it is time to forge a long peace with militant Islam.

伊斯兰国现在还存在，而也不能一厢情愿地把它铲除。多国轰炸行动成效慎微不能阻止从取得国家地位的核心原则上，自我描述的哈里发国。伊斯兰国现在控制显着的领土，统治高达10万的人口，经营一个日益成熟的文职官僚机构，并在很大程度上建立了暴力垄断。只有接受现实并扩大对伊斯兰国的外交承认，可让西方国家希望得到的一个可信的手段来减轻并约束其进一步的发展。苏联情景是现在最不坏的选项：是时候建构与好战伊斯兰的一个长期和平（的对峙）了。


osho
ISIS recently issued a fatwa that babies born with genetic disorders such as Downs Syndrome should be killed at birth. 38 have been killed so far. This article is the ultimate proof of the moral decline of the West. Shameful, even by the standards of the British left

ISIS最近发出了一道法令，婴儿出生患有遗传疾病如唐氏症就应该出生时被杀死。到目前为止已死了38个。这篇文章是西方道德沦丧的最终证明。可耻，甚至以英国左派看也是。

imw14
Yep - because the West is responsible for the psychotic schisms in Islam.
What utter clickbait.

是的，因为西方对伊斯兰教在精神分裂上负有责任。
完全的钓鱼文。

Dr. Evil
I have never read such rubbish. These ISIS people are wanting the end of the world, what Westerners call the second coming although they aren't expecting Christ. They are expecting the end of the world in a great battle with Crusaders AKA Western troops. You cannot negotiate with them, they are simply not normal people. They adhere to their version of Islam and no amount of talking will change them. This article is lunacy. The only way is to obliterate them by extreme force.

我从没读过这样的垃圾。这些伊斯兰国份子想要世界末日。它们正期待在世界末日与十字军基督进行一场大战。你不能与他们谈判，他们根本就不是正常的人。他们坚持自己的伊斯兰教义，说什麽也不会改变。这篇文章是精神错乱，唯一的办法是通过极端无力消灭他们。

clackmannanman
Stupid appeaser. You must be a descendant of Neville  Chamberlain.

愚蠢的绥靖主义。你一定是内维尔．张伯伦的后代。

Ivar
Please let Vadim Nikitim be our first ambassador to ISIS.  He could exercise personal initiative and parachute in just like Rudolf Hess did for Germany in WWII.  It might amuse ISIS to find an especially grim execution for him.  

请作者来当我们第一任驻伊斯兰国大使吧。这可能会逗乐伊斯兰国来为他找到一个特别残酷的处决方式。

MikeE
This takes the prize as the most stupid suggestion and argumentation. And comparing a doomsday and death cult to the Soviet Union?! The author is either an idiot or insane. Or he actually works for ISIS.

这可以以作为最蠢意见和论证得奖了。然后拿去对苏联的核末日和死亡崇拜比较？？作者不是白痴就是疯子。或他其实为ISIS工作。

Angus7777
Is the author on the pay roll of the Saudis and Qataris? this is the most insane piece of comment I have read for a while. Isis needs to exterminated with extreme force and then attention needs to be turned on their Saudi and Qatari paymasters 

作者是拿了沙特人和卡达尔人的工资吗？这是我读了一段时间最疯狂的一段评论。伊斯兰国需要被极端武力消灭，然后需要注意的是他们的沙特和卡达尔发薪工。