英国医院呼吁更多MOD捐献器官以缓解窘境 [英国媒体]

Muslims generally have a longer wait for organs

穆斯林想要移植器官通常需要等待更多时间



Hospitals in the West Midlands are urging Muslims to consider donating their organs for patients waiting for transplants.

西米德兰医院，正敦促穆斯林们考虑捐出自己的器官，以帮助等待移植的患者。

Muslims needing an organ donation, such as a new kidney or liver, wait on average a year longer than non-Muslims.

如果一个穆斯林患者需要换一个新的肾脏或肝脏，他们必须比非穆斯林患者平均多等一年时间。

This is due to a lack of donors coming forward from a matching ethnic background.

这是因为他们的种族背景原因而导致缺少捐助者。

As Ramadan begins, doctors are urging Muslims to consider allowing their organs to be used after their death.

由于斋月即将开始，医生正在敦促穆斯林要考虑一下捐赠器官，让他们的器官在自己死亡后能够被他人身体移植。

South Asia

南亚

There are just under three million Muslims in Britain, most of them from a South Asian background.

英国有约三百万名穆斯林，其中大部分来自南亚。

Migrants from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh have tended to settle in major towns and cities - including Birmingham, where more than 21% of the population is Muslim.

来自印度，巴基斯坦和孟加拉国的移民往往在主要城市和城镇中定居 - 其中包括伯明翰，那里有超过21%的人口是穆斯林。

While across Britain, Muslim patients wait on average a year longer than non-Muslims, the wait in Birmingham can be even longer.

然而在英国各地，穆斯林病人想要得到移植的器官平均等待的时间比非穆斯林要长一年时间，在伯明翰的等待时间甚至可能更长。

According to consultant nephrologist Dr Adnan Sharif the wait here can take four or even five years.

根据顾问医师，谢里夫博士说法，在这里等待的人可能要等四年，甚至五年时间。



Dr Sharif oversees patients receiving regular dialysis on the renal ward at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in the city.

谢里夫博士负责治疗在伊利沙伯市医院肾脏病房接受常规透析的病人。

"Without a doubt our Muslim patients will spend a lot longer time on dialysis," he said.

他说：“毫无疑问，我们的穆斯林患者会在透析中花费更长的时间。“

"Some of our Muslim patients will die while they're actively on the waiting list because they've not received a kidney transplant. that number, in my opinion, appears to be growing."

“我们的一些穆斯林患者会在等待名单上的时候就死去，因为他们没有办法接受肾移植手术（因为没有清真器官）。在我看来，这个数字似乎会越来越大。”

Question of faith

信仰的问题

The reason for the lack of suitable ethnic donors is uncertainty over whether Islam condemns or condones the practice of organ donation.

究其原因，是人们不明白伊斯兰教是同意或不同意器官捐献的行为。

There is much confusion, in part because there is nothing in the Koran which can be referred to, and because scholars have differing opinions.

{MOD}对捐赠器官有很多的困惑，部分原因是因为古兰经上没有写可不可以接受捐赠器官的行为，而学者们也有不同的观点。

There are two types of organ donation: live donations, where one living person donates an organ to another, and donations from the bodies of the deceased to living recipients.

有两种类型的器官捐赠：现场捐赠，把一个活着的人的器官捐献到另一个人身上，和从死者的尸体上摘取器官捐献。

Dr Yasser Mustapha visits mosques to talk to worshippers about organ donation, and to try to encourage them to carry a special card which signifies the individual will donate their organs after death.

亚西尔·穆斯塔法博士参观清真寺，并向里面的人谈谈对器官捐赠的做法，尽力鼓励他们在去世后，捐出自己的器官为别人服务。



Dr Yasser Mustapha urges Muslims to carry donor cards

亚西尔·穆斯塔法博士敦促穆斯林捐赠器官

"Regardless of the ethnicity of the Muslim - they might be from Africa, they might be from Asia, they might be native Brits as well, practising Islam - but across the spectrum time and time again it always boils down to one question essentially," said Dr Mustapha.

“无论穆斯林的种族为何，他们可能来自非洲，他们可能来自亚洲，他们可能是土生土长的英国人一样，都信伊斯兰教，它总是归结为一个问题”穆斯塔法博士说。

"And that question is: what do the Muslim religious leaders say about organ donation? Is organ donation actually permissible, is it allowed within the religion of Islam?"

“但问题是：为什么穆斯林宗教领袖说的器官捐献行为实际上是允许的，但仅仅在伊斯兰教内部允许？”

Transplant patient

移植病人

One man who knows much about that is Pervez Hussain, a former British ex-police worker who waited three years for a new kidney.

一个非常了解此事的人，侯赛因佩尔韦兹，一位英国前警察，他为了一个新的肾脏等待了三年。

His previous trips to the hospital for weekly dialysis revealed just how much of a problem this is for Muslims with a South Asian heritage.

他以前去医院接受每周透析的治疗当中透露了一个问题，这是一个南亚裔穆斯林的问题。

"Where I was treated, there were 31 bays, and I would say that at least 25 of them were filled by people from minority groups, without a doubt."

“我在那里治疗，有31个同样情况的病友，而我要说的是，其中至少有25人是{MOD}，毫无疑问。”



At home in Birmingham, he is scathing about what he sees as the double standards of religious leaders.

在他伯明翰的家里，他严厉地批评了他所认为的宗教领袖的双重标准。

He believes they should use their positions to preach about the acceptability of organ transplants.

他认为，他们应该利用他们的职务来宣讲关于器官移植的可接受性。

"I would always ask this question to an imam which is quite simple. If you needed a transplant, would you take it or would you bring religion into it?

“我总是会问这个伊玛目一个简单的问题：如果你是一个急需要移植器官的病人，你会接受它（非穆斯林的器官），或者你会因为宗教原因而拒绝它吗？

"I would say 100% would take it. I'm a believer that most of the people are more than willing to accept [organs].

“我会说100%的人会把接受非穆斯林的器官使自己活下去。我相信绝大多数的人都愿意接受移植非穆斯林的器官。

"And across the community in Birmingham I've seen that, people are willing to accept, but not necessarily to give."

“在伯明翰的社区里，我看到了，人们都愿意接受捐赠的器官，但不大想捐出器官。”

Worldwide problem

世界性问题

The shortage of donors is not just a British problem.

捐赠者的短缺不仅仅是一个英国的问题。

In April, Islamic scholars came together at Karachi University in Pakistan to discuss the issue.

今年四月，伊斯兰学者将聚集在巴基斯坦卡拉奇大学，讨论这个问题。

Although many voiced support for organ donations, one senior cleric - from the Council for Islamic Ideology - was concerned about whether the bodies of Muslims who were raised from the dead on judgement day would be affected if they were not whole.

虽然有许多人表示支持器官捐献，但一些高级神职人员坚持： 以伊斯兰的意识形态来说，许多穆斯林相信自己将在审判日复活而不愿意捐献器官，他们担心复活以后会发现自己的身体是不完整的。

That is one example of the theological uncertainty around the issue.

神学不能解决这个问题。

Rehana Sadiq is the Muslim chaplain at Queen Elizabeth Hospital and counsels many families at times of crisis.

雷哈纳萨迪克在伊利沙伯医院穆斯林牧师时劝过许多穆斯林家庭。

But says she is yet to be called by grieving relatives to discuss the issue of donating the organs of a loved one who has died.

但她说，她还没有一个亲人，在死后捐赠过器官。



"This division within the community is quite stark.

“这个社会的分歧是相当严峻的。”

"On one side, there are those people who believe it's a form of mutilation, it's disrupting the deceased etc, and there are other reasons.

“在一方面，有人认为这是一种破坏性的行为，它破坏了死者的尸体等等，还有其他的原因。“

"And on the other side, we have those who believe very, very strongly that it is one of the greatest of the commendations given by Islam, for someone to give the most beautiful gift - to save a life."

“另一方面，我们相信做出捐赠器官行为的人非常，非常的伟大，这是对一个伊斯兰教徒最大的表扬了，给了别人最美丽的礼物来挽救其他人的生命。”

Ms Sadiq says she does not give an opinion on whether individuals should or should not donate organs - instead she advises them to pray and reflect on the subject, with the final decision being theirs.

萨迪克女士说，她并不会给个人是否应该或不应该捐献器官的意见 - 相反，她建议他们祈祷，关于这个问题的结论，最终的决定权在他们自己手里。

Figures from the Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation show that there are fewer organ transplants from deceased people in Muslim-majority countries, compared with the rest of the world.

来自全球的捐赠和移植的数据显示，在穆斯林占多数的国家，与世界其他地区相比，只有更少的器官得以移植。

For some states of course, that could be down to a lack of investment in medical facilities.

当然，对于某些国家来说，这可能是因为缺乏医疗设施。