外媒：中国打击K粉使发展中国家无麻醉药用 [英国媒体]

-------------译者：jiayou8888-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------



My supply of ketamine is under threat and you should be worried.
I’m not a recreational drug taker. I’m an anaesthetist, and for me ketamine is medicine.
In rural hospitals in Nigeria, injecting the drug is essential for pregnant women to have safe ceasareans, and for us to be able to insert IVs for fluids and attach the required monitors to children prior to an operation without a struggle. It can be used for preventing pain during or after surgery. Some of my colleagues even advocate the use of oral ketamine in soda for procedures in the accident and emergency department. 

你应该担心我的k粉供应正在受到威胁这件事。我是个麻醉师，对于我来说氯胺酮是用于治疗而不是娱乐。在尼日利亚的乡村医院中，为进行刨腹产手术的孕妇注射氯胺酮是保证治疗安全的必备措施。》在给小孩做手术之前也可以使用氯胺酮从而进行静脉注射保证手术的顺利进行。使用这种麻醉剂，从而可以避免患者在手术期间和之后感到疼痛。我的一些同事甚至倡议事故和紧急部门让患者同时服用氯胺酮和苏打水从而给患者进行手术。

 -------------译者：jiayou8888-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Because it is very cheap compared to other anaesthetic drugs and can be administered in many different ways, ketamine has become the preferred anaesthetic agent in low and middle income countries (LMICs). It is on theessential drug list of the World Health Organisation with a potential to offer safe and affordable surgical and anaesthesia care for the 5 billion people, who would otherwise lack access to basic surgical care. It is the one anaesthesia drug that non-trained anaesthesists such as nurses and health assistants can be taught how to use safely to supplement the surgical workforce shortages in many developing countries. It is also the only anaesthetic that does not require piped oxygen, electricity or anaesthetic equipment.

因为它相对于其他麻醉药来说非常廉价，并且能够被多种途径所监管。氯胺酮已成为中低收入国家优先考虑的麻醉药。作为潜在的一种提供安全且可承受的手术与麻醉治疗功能的基础药品，它列入了世卫组织的清单能够服务于全球50亿人，服务于那些缺少基础外科医疗服务的人。特别是在发展中国家的那些没有培训过的护士、健康助手能够被教会安全地使用它，从而弥补很多发展中国家所存在的手术人员不足问题。它也是唯一一种不需要吸氧，电监测和麻醉设备的麻醉剂。

So, why on earth would you want to make it difficult to get a drug that can offset the gross inequity in access to surgical care? 
    
那么，问题来了。为什么你要让这种可以抵消外科护理领域严重不平等现象的药物变得难以获得呢？

-------------译者：jessie010316-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

The problem is the abuse and increased illicit use of ketamine as a party drug in Asia. China is one of the world’s largest producers of the drug but the smuggling and trafficking of illicitly produced ketamine across Asia has pushed the Chinese government to call for greater restrictions on ketamine.

K粉在亚洲被当做派对毒品遭到了频繁的滥用。而中国是世界上K粉的最大生产国之一，走私、非法交易非法生产的K粉蔓延了整个亚洲，这导致中国政府呼吁多加管控K粉。

I sympathise with their situation but their most recent proposal to the United Nations was to place ketamine under an international control known as scheduling. This would mean that countries that want to buy the drug and use it would have to state how much they intended to import each year and would not be able to buy any more. But in practice, like we saw with the scheduling of morphine, the supply chain would be severely affected and ketamine would become unavailable in more remote areas. Luckily, proposals made in March 2014 and March 2015 have both failed. That doesn’t mean though that China won’t make another attempt to have the drug scheduled in 2016.

我很同情他们的状况但是他们最近向联合国提出的提案是要把K粉置于国际监控下，也就是调度。这就意味着那些想要购买并使用药品的国家必须申报每年他们预计进口的数量，也就不能买更多了。但实际上，像我们了解的关于吗啡的调度，K粉的供应链将会受到严重的影响，贫穷偏远地区将没办法使用。值得庆幸的是，2014年3月和2015年3月的提案都没有成功。但是这并不意味着中国在2016年不会向联合国再次提出该调度K粉的新提案。

-------------译者：jessie010316-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Recognising that this drug is vital for safe surgery in many developing countries, the WHO’s expert committee on drug dependence recommended in 2006, 2012, 2014 and 2015 that ketamine abuse does not pose a significant global public-health risk to warrant scheduling. China should therefore maintain domestic control measures instead of seeking for international regulations. 

了解到在很多发展中国家此类药物对于手术安全非常重要。世卫药物依赖性专业委员会分别在2006年，2012， 2014年以及2015年表示K粉的滥用不不会对授权调度产生重大的全球性公共健康威胁。因此，中国应该保持原有的国家监控，而不应该寻求国际立法。
 

-------------译者：快点告诉你-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

vammyp
China is a large country with many labs dotted around it, the chemical industry does well for itself and many of the legal highs people purchase originate over there. In these grey market labs there are a great many chemicals being produced, they slip a fair few controlled chemical compounds into their production schedule as well because a) who's going to notice, and b) corruption is rife and people will keep their mouths shut for a few bob. Now when these grey market labs are eventually shut down the wealthy owner and his chemists waltz off, cash in their pocket and open a new lab elsewhere. Most of the ketamine consumed in the western world now comes from China, a shift from India and Pakistan where your K likely came from 5 or 6 years ago.

中国是一个很大的国家，分布着很多实验室，化工行业也很发达，人们购买的很多合法兴奋剂都来自中国。在这些灰市实验室里，生产着很多化学品，他们也生产一些受管控的化学品，原因——1、没人会知道，2、腐败横行，人们为了钱会闭嘴。现在，如果这些灰市实验室被关闭，已经赚到很多钱的老板和员工将在其他地方重起炉灶。目前西方世界所消费的大部分K粉来自中国，而在五六年前主要来自巴基斯坦和印度。

vammyp
I hate to break it to you but you're wrong.

我不想说穿你，但是你错了

-------------译者：jessie010316-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

joeybuzzard
Yet another example of prohibition stupidity which has two branches of the UN at odds with one another (the World Health Organisation vrs United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime). The latter body should be abolished in my opinion and it's budget redistributed to the former. Ketamine saves many more lives every year than it kills. Problems associated with it's recreational abuse is dwarfed by it's therapeutic value in hospitals, ambulances and clinics around the world, yet China wants to use the UN to dictate restrictions to the whole world. This is simply not what the UN is for and if the Office on Drugs and Crime has it's way it will not only create a serious new problem for medical systems around the world, it will damage the credibility of the entire UN as a force for good in the world. China should be told to stuff it on this. 

然而又是关于禁令的蠢事，联合国的两个机构相互矛盾（世卫组织VS. 联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室）。在我看来应该废除后者并且将其经费分配给前者。每年因kf粉挽救了生命的比因它而死的生命要多很多。与K粉应用于全球的医院，急救及门诊医疗的价值相比，K粉作为消遣娱乐被滥用而产生的问题就相形见绌，虽然中国想要利用联合国对全世界发号施令。这根本就不是联合国的作用所在，如果联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室就这么由着，这不仅仅会给全球医疗系统滋生出严重的新的问题，还会破坏整个联合国作为世界上一支致力于做好事的队伍的信誉。在这个问题上， 中国只能忍忍。

-------------译者：jessie010316-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

MadChinchillaLady
I do agree different people will react differently, it's more about it being the default for medical cases though, and the lack of availability it seems there is of other options. Some will react badly, and they're not really freely choosing to take it, and it's when they're in a vulnerable state (potentially making it harder to deal with a bad reaction). Hopefully they're at least properly informed. 
不同的人有不同的反应，我没有异议，但是这更多的是把K粉作为医疗的常用药物及其匮乏。

似乎看来有其他的选择。一些人反应激烈，他们并不能真正的自由的选择服用这种药物。当这些人变得脆弱易怒（潜意识地使这件事更加难以处理）。所幸他们起码得到正确告知。

wasson
It's about one quarter the price of good cocaine. 

K粉的价钱是质量较好的可卡因的1/3.

wasson
Illicit Chinese labs worked out how to synthesise Ketamine a few years ago now. Prior to that, all Ketamine, legal and illicit, was medically sourced. No that's garbage. Ketamine wasn't illegal in the UK until a couple of years ago and certainly in China it wasn't illegal so you had fully legal chemical suppliers who would ship kilos to the UK totally legally. 

中国非法实验室好几年前知道了怎么合成k粉。在此之前，所有的k粉，合法的非法的，也是用到医疗上。没有现在那么垃圾。k粉两年前还是合法的，当然那时候在中国也是合法的，所以你会有完全合法的化学供应商，他们在法律的范围内将成公斤的K粉运送到英国。

-------------译者：jessie010316-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

wasson
Nigeria has universities and research facilities that could quite easily churn out a generic version without relying on Chinese supplies? Trouble is it's illegal - and it's an absolute nightmare starting up mass production of an illegal drug. The US/UK and UN would all start screaming. The chinese got into it decades ago before prohibition started and so don't have the same problems. 

尼日利亚的大学和其他的科研机构能够很容易不依赖于中国供应商滥造出基本的药物？问题是这是非法的-而开始批量生产非法药物绝对是噩梦。美英、联合国全都会嚷嚷的。几十年前，禁令还没有实施，中国就已经开始批量生产了，所以现在就不会有相同的问题。

wasson
Don't assume that because you don't like it that means everybody else must react in the same way. The vast majority of people who take K find it either pleasant or incredible. It's like saying someone saying "Don't have a glass of wine, I had a glass once and felt lousy". 

不要想成，因为你不喜欢它，就意味着任何人都必须持相同的态度。绝大部分吸食K粉的人觉得很愉快或者有不可思议的感觉。像某句话说的，”别喝酒，我喝了一杯，很难喝“。

-------------译者：jessie010316-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

wasson
The idea that "our children are safer" in a world where drugs are banned is perfectly ludicrous. If they're curious about drugs they'll be sold them by people who at best won't be competent to make them properly and at worst will deliberately adulterate them. Must admit I've never known many drug dealers sell to children tho - for a start children don't tend to have any money and secondly there are too many adults with money wanting to buy drugs for the children to get a look in. 

我们的孩子生活在毒品被禁止的世界是安全的，这个想法非常可笑。如果他们对毒品好奇，他们就会买到。 而向孩子们卖药的人可能不是没能制作出好的兴奋剂或者甚至更糟糕的是直接掺假。必须承认虽然我还不知道有那些毒品交易者会给小孩出售--首先孩子没有很多钱，其次有很多有钱的成年人想要给他们的孩子买毒品去了解毒品。

wasson
Talking therapies work if the patient fully engages with the process twice weekly over a matter of years Presumably just staying alive for many years alters your thinking too. But if there's something that can benefit you today why not try it? 
Anyone who has been in a psychiatric unit as a patient or health worker will tell you that anti depressants can save lives. Only placebo effect tho. Recently the research results conducted by Big Pharma into all their anti-depressants showed none of them were any more effective than a sugar pill. Those results were buried and a fortune was made. Read Ben Goldacres "Bad science" on anti-depressants. Can you offer any non anecdotal evidence I believe there are a few studies showing K is effective against depression. Not many obviously - because it's illegal and if you get caught with it you are thrown in jail. 

话疗是有用的，如果病人完全沉浸于一年每两周一次的整个疗程。大概只是多活几年也会改变你的想法。但是如果有一样东西可以使你当下收益，为什么不试试呢？
任何一个呆过精神病院的病人或者卫生工作者会告诉你抗抑郁药能挽救生命。但是只存在安慰剂效应。最近由美国制药商“Big Pharma''做的一份关于他们公司的反抑郁药物的调查结果表明这些反抑郁药物疗效竟比不过糖片。这些事实被掩盖了，也生出了一笔横财。摘自 本（ Ben Goldacres ）在《伪科学》一书关于反抑郁的文章。你能拿出其它科学的证据吗？我相信一些研究表明K粉有益于抵抗抑郁症。当然也没有很多--因为K粉是非法的。如果被抓到了会被关进监狱。

 -------------译者：jessie010316-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

wasson
Good spotting Beaye! 

Beaye你观察力不错！

wasson
Production in China isn't booming - they introduced massive controls in 2004 that crippled the market. 

中国没有大量生产（K粉）-中国2004年就开始实施大规模的控制，挫败了K粉市场。

wasson
You're way out of touch. You can buy pure stuff within 20 seconds from any house in the UK. Cheaper than it was back in the 90s. 

你的信息也太落伍了吧。20秒内，可以在英国任何一个地方在买到纯度很高的K粉。比90年代还要便宜。

wasson
Nonsense. You need to find a different street. 

屁话。（楼上）你需要找到别的街。

wasson
Eh? Heroin isn't a psychedelic it's an opiate. Where did you do your drug education for pitys sake. 

啊？海洛因不是迷幻药，是麻醉剂。你TMD从哪得到的药物教育。

-------------译者：jessie010316-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

HenryGeorgeFan
Legalising drugs will make it harder for children to get hold of them. In my experience, knife wielding chavs generally don't ask for ID. Drug dealers, whatever their class, just ask for money. The idea that "our children are safer" in a world where drugs are banned is perfectly ludicrous. If they're curious about drugs they'll be sold them by people who at best won't be competent to make them properly and at worst will deliberately adulterate them. When it all goes wrong their friends will hesitate to call for medical help in time for fear of prosecution. Our drug laws make a bunch of very unpleasant people very rich, erode the relationship of ordinary people with the police, waste fantastic amounts of police resources fighting a war that should never have been declared, that can never be won, and criminalise generation after generation of young people. More people have died in this American-invented war than have been killed in the wars in Syria and Iraq. And yet we still have our politicians and their anal retentive rhetoric 90 years behind the curve. Prohibition doesn't work. And we could fix all the problems it has caused overnight. It's a disgrace, and a failure of the media in particular that this is not more widely understood. 

毒品合法化可以让孩子们更难获得这类物品。以我的经验看来，那些持刀的傻帽通常不会索要身份证。毒品交易者不论是什么层次的只会要钱。“我们的孩子生存在毒品被禁止的世界是安全的，这种想法很可笑。如果他们对毒品好奇，他们会买到，好的话他们会买到质量低下的毒品，最坏的是故意掺假药给他们。问题一来，他们的朋友会犹豫给他们寻求医疗帮助，因为害怕被控告。我们的药品法让一大堆令人不爽的人变成了土豪，让普通人跟警察的关系越来越糟糕，把大量有用的警力资源用到战场上，从来就不应该挑起这些战争，这永远不会赢，还致使一代又一代的年轻人犯罪。在美国引发的这次战争中，死去的人数比叙利亚战争、伊拉克战争杀死的人数还要多。然而我们的政治家仍然持有后知后觉的观点。禁令没用。我们可以在一夜之间将禁令带来的问题解决掉。这是耻辱，也是媒体的失败，因为媒体没能让更多的人们了解真相。