《日本：有罪推定》纪录片照亮有争议的法律 [日本媒体]

-------------译者：klqw-审核者：smileREGENT------------



TOKYO —Japan is known for being one of the countries with the lowest crime rate in the world. Numerous reasons are given for this such as the illegality of weapons a smaller wealth gap or unspoken rules of conduct that people live by.

东京—日本被认为是世界上犯罪率最低的国家之一。许多人将这归结于持枪非法、贫富差距较小以及人们潜意识的生活习惯之类的原因。

But one other factor behind such low crime could have a darker reason to it: fear of the Japanese legal system.

但是在这么低的犯罪率背后另一个更深层的因素是：人们对日本法律系统的畏惧。

Al Jazeera news recently put out a documentary on that very subject showing one of the scarier parts of Japan that most people don’t have experience with. The full video is below.

最近半岛电视台新闻发布了一部纪录片展示了大多数人没经历过的日本最恐怖的部分之一。完整视频如下。

The documentary follows the story of Keiko Aoki a woman who in 1995 was convicted of setting her house on fire and intentionally murdering her daughter to collect life insurance money. Her conviction was based solely on her and her husband’s written confessions that they claimed were made under extreme duress.

这部纪录片讲述了一位叫洼田青木的女人的故事，她于1995年因涉嫌在自己的房子里放火并蓄意谋杀她的女儿以获取人寿保险的钱而被判为有罪。她的罪名仅仅因为她和她丈夫在他们受到极端胁迫下写的忏悔书就成立了。

-------------译者：magicqueen99-审核者：smileREGENT------------

Keiko and her husband spent the next 20 years in jail claiming they were innocent the entire time. It wasn’t until earlier this year that the verdict for their retrial was finally delivered proclaiming them not guilty.

惠子和她丈夫在接下来的20年牢狱生涯中，一直声称自己是无辜的。但是直到今年早些时候，对他们案件重审的判决书才下达，终于宣判他们无罪。

But why would someone confess to a crime they didn’t commit? Put simply the documentary claims that the Japanese legal system is designed to extract confessions no matter what.

但是为什么会有人对他们没有犯下的罪行认罪？简单地说，这部纪录片声称，日本司法系统的设计就是让你采取各种手段逼供。

In Keiko’s case she was held in an interrogation room with police investigators who constantly yelled and berated her for 12 hours straight. She was never allowed to see a lawyer. Eventually she was told by police that her husband had already confessed to the crime so she should too. Mentally destroyed she gave up and wrote a confession dictated to her by police.

具体到惠子的案件，她被关在审讯室里，警方调查人员连续对她咆哮了12小时，不停地痛骂她。她根本没法见律师。最后，警察告诉她，她丈夫已经认罪了，所以她也得认罪。心理防线彻底崩溃的她，放弃了抵抗，按照警察的授意写了认罪书。

-------------译者：magicqueen99-审核者：路边野花不要采------------

Keiko claims that confusion exhaustion and the guilt of not being able to save her daughter came together to make her admit to a crime she was innocent of.

惠子声称，困惑、疲惫不堪和没有把女儿救回来的负疚感交织在一起，令她承认了一桩其实她完全无辜的罪行。

In Japan anyone can be held by police for 23 days without being charged. Lawyers are not allowed in interrogation rooms and police are not required to record any of the interrogation sessions. As Hiroshi Ichikawa a former Japanese prosecutor described investigators can just rotate in and out as they get tired of questioning the suspect until he or she is so mentally exhausted that they will admit to anything to make it stop.

在日本，任何人都可以在没有被起诉的情况下，被警方羁押23天。在此期间律师不允许进入审讯室，而警察也无需记录任何审问内容。一位名叫市川浩志的日本前检察官说，调查人员如果审问犯罪嫌疑人累了，就可以换班，直到他或她心力交瘁最后什么都认了才停止。

But why is the Japanese legal system so intense when it comes to extracting confessions from the accused? Ichikawa claims it’s because there’s immense pressure on police and prosecutors to obtain a guilty verdict. In a country with a near universal conviction rate no one wants to be the only lawyer who failed to get a guilty verdict so they’ll do anything to get it.

但是为什么日本的司法系统如此热衷于对被告逼供？市川说，那是因为对警方和检察官提出有罪指控的压力实在太大了。在一个定罪率几乎百分百的国家，没人愿意当那个拿不到有罪指控的律师，所以他们都竭尽全力去做有罪指控。


-------------译者： 哔哩哔哩哩长-审核者：路边野花不要采------------

MoonrakerOCT. 17 2016 - 07:15AM JST
Japan is known for being one of the countries with the lowest crime rate in the world. Numerous reasons are given for this
Low overall crime rate?

众所周知日本是世界上犯罪率最低的国家之一。犯罪率这么低的原因有很多？

This partly depends on the definition of crime. There are lots of crimes but "crime" has been promoted as synonymous with violent crime which may be low.

一大部分是取决于对犯罪的定义。犯罪分很多种，但是人们将犯罪和暴力犯罪等同了，当然，暴力犯罪的情况是很少的。

turbotsatOCT. 17 2016 - 07:18AM JST
al-Jazeera: Her conviction was based solely on her and her husband’s written confessions that they claimed were made under extreme duress.

半岛电视台：她的定罪仅仅依据的是她和她丈夫的手写招供，但是她们宣称认罪状是在他们受到巨大的胁迫下写的。

"Solely"?

仅仅是因为这样子吗？

No. 

肯定不是的

RamwagOCT. 17 2016 - 07:23AM JST
Everything about Japan is fallacy.

日本就是个荒谬

You got to live here (in Japan) more than 25 years. Not just that but through my kind of skin (colour and as a woman) only then you will know you will see and then you will not come to a such childish or such ignoramus conclusions...

你得住在这里(日本)超过25年，并且像我这样带上我皮肤的种类（颜色和身为一个女人），你就会发现跟了解到，你你是多么的幼稚或者你你的结论是多么的无知。

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StrangerlandOCT. 17 2016 - 07:51AM JST
Japan's legal system is horrendous when it comes to the rights of accused. The police are often more focused on convicting someone than on finding the actual guilty party.

当谈到逮捕的权利时，日本的公正系统是可怕的。警察更多的是专注于判罪而不是寻找真正的犯罪团体。

They just find someone they feel looks guilty then spend time getting them to confess and finding evidence to support their confirmation bias. Meanwhile the actual criminal is still out there.

他们仅仅是找到那些看起来有罪的人，然后花时间在让他们认罪并且寻找证据去支持他们的确认方向。与此同时，真正的罪犯依然逍遥法外。

The U.S. and other developed countries have just as many – if not more – legal problems.

美国和其他的一些发达国家拥有很多—如果没有更多的话—法律问题。。

The US has it's problems but does a much better job with suspect rights than Japan does.

美国有他自己的问题，但是他们对待嫌疑犯的权利比日本做得更好。

-------------译者：小笨钟-审核者：路边野花不要采------------

TheGodfatherOCT. 17 2016 - 08:17AM JST
Japan is known for being one of the countries with the lowest [REPORTED] crime rate in the world
There are many crimes in Japan that go unreported...

日本是已知国家中犯罪率最低的之一（据报道的），在日本有很多未报道的犯罪。

MoonrakerOCT. 17 2016 - 08:32AM JST
There are lots of violent crimes as well but the crime rate is still low. What are the numbers of the non-violent crimes and how to they compare to non-violent crime rates in other countries?
Who knows Strangerland. As I said it depends on what is a crime. Much corporate and white collar crime seems to be dealt with a parallel bureaucratic guidance system not in courts and who knows how much of it comes to light? There may be no internationally-agreed standards either. But when Japanese and many foreigners say Japan is low crime they seem to mean there is less chance of being randomly attacked on the street or in your own home. What the overall level of crime is is anyone's guess.

虽然存在很多暴力犯罪但是犯罪率依然很低，非暴力犯罪有多少呢？而非暴力犯罪在其他国家又有多少呢？
谁知道呢。正如我所说的，这要看犯罪的定义。很多的企业和白领犯罪貌似都通过一个平行的官僚引导系统进行处理，而不通过法院来审判，并且没人知道未被曝光的这种犯罪有多少？这可能也不会有国际通用的标准。但是当日本人和许多外国人认为日本是个低犯罪率的国家时，他们其实是认为不会在街上或家里遇到攻击。至于总体的犯罪率就靠大家自己猜了。

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Citizen2012OCT. 17 2016 - 08:40AM JST
There are many crimes in Japan that go unreported...
And when reported the police reject all the ones that are not easy to convince...

日本有很多犯罪案件都没有上报给警察……
而在被报案的犯罪中，警方会拒绝受理不容易定罪的案件……

kurisupisuOCT. 17 2016 - 08:44AM JST
In my dealings with the police here I have noticed that there is a very strict application and readiness to charge. Maybe this explains why so many people consider it preferable to flee from the police nowadays.

以我与日本警察打交道的经历来看，申请和起诉程序都非常严格，或许这就是很多人不愿报案的原因所在吧。

TsuchifumazuOCT. 17 2016 - 08:50AM JST
The "Japan Legal System" is very close to the same system they use in China. 23 days of interrogation prior to being charged with anything. During these interrogations they tag team prosecutors day and night until the captor breaks and will sign anything to end the torture. If that isn't bad enough at the end of 23 days they will charge them with a slightly different crime and it starts all over again. You just have to hope you are not in the wrong place at the wrong time.

“日本法律制度”和中国目前的法律制度非常相似。在被起诉之前先进行23天的审问。在这个审查过程中，公诉人对嫌疑者夜以继日的折磨直到最后他不得不承认并签字从而结束这段折磨。如果23天期限到了嫌疑人还不认罪，他们就会用稍微不同的罪名再次起诉从而继续新一轮的审查折磨。而你只能寄希望于自己不在错误的时间出现在错误的地点。

-------------译者：小笨钟-审核者：路边野花不要采------------

Just a userOCT. 17 2016 - 09:11AM JST
There are many crimes in Japan that go unreported...
I doubt that is Japan specific

在日本很多受害者没去警局报案。
我不认为这是日本特有的。

SenseNotSoCommonOCT. 17 2016 - 09:18AM JST
she gave up and wrote a confession dictated to her by police
They do this with the charge sheet for traffic accidents using a set menu of incriminating descxtors and the motorist is obliged to sign whether they agree with the charge sheet or not.

她放弃争辩并在警察提供给她的口供上签字。
他们这样做就像交通肇事中驾驶员被逼迫在一系列事故责任书上签字而不管驾驶员是否同意事故责任书上的责任。

theeastisredOCT. 17 2016 - 09:26AM JST
The story is spot on. Japan's criminal justice system is a joke. Forced confessions are used routinely instead of evidence. Maybe one day we will enter the 20th Century never mind 21st.

这个故事是真实的。日本的刑事司法体系就是个笑话。强迫逼供认罪已经成为日常而不是靠证据。也许有一天我们会倒退到20世纪而不是呆着21世纪。

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Japan VioletOCT. 17 2016 - 10:27AM JST
Most legal systems are extremely faulty. The USA has a 97% plea bargaining rate which means that many people admit to crimes they did not commit from fear of very harsh penalties if convicted. In Japan the lawyers cannot help you in the US if you do not have money then the lawyers cannot help you. I hope Japan can improve their justice system however I would still pick it over most others as is.

大多数的法律体系都存在漏洞。美国的认罪辩诉协议率达到97%，这意味很多人承认了自己没犯过的罪，因为担心一旦被定罪将会受到严厉惩罚。在日本，律师帮不了你，而在美国如果没钱律师也帮不了你。我希望日本可以改善自己的司法系统，当然比起大部分其他国家，我还是喜欢日本的司法系统。

RecklessOCT. 17 2016 - 10:50AM JST
In my Japanese family there have been burglaries at the Grandma's house and sister-in-laws (repeatedly) as well as relatives in jail. The police are basically useless and expect "you" to get the evidence. I was once a witness of a street fight and basically kept in a windowless room for 2 hours as if I had done something wrong.
However due to the propaganda they have sextive acknowledgement of such crimes as burglary etc. and don't even consider them when saying it is a safe country.

在我的日本家庭里，我祖母的房子里发生了入室盗窃，而我的小姨子以及其他亲戚却被送进了监狱。这些警察太无能了，他们希望你去找证据。我之前看到有人在街上打架，然后就被警察关在一个无窗的房间里两个小时，好像是我打架似的。但是为了宣传，他们会选择性的承认入室盗窃等犯罪的发生，而为了说明自己是一个安全国家，根本不会将入室盗窃当犯罪看。

 -------------译者：magicqueen99-审核者：路边野花不要采------------

gogogoOCT. 17 2016 - 11:00AM JST
investigators can just rotate in and out as they get tired of questioning the suspect until he or she is so mentally exhausted that they will admit to anything to make it stop.

调查人员如果审问犯罪嫌疑人累了，就可以换班，直到他或她心力交瘁最后什么都认了才停止。

This is the biggest problem with Japan. This isn't police work it's paperwork and allowing the real perpetrators of crimes to go free.

这就是日本最大的问题所在。这不是警察该干的活，这只是案头工作，反而让真正的罪犯逍遥法外。

dcog9065OCT. 17 2016 - 12:09PM JST
Quite terrible reminds me of the inhumane plea bargaining system in the US however that is far worse and systematic. At least violent crime here is miniscule compared to overseas. TBH how could anyone falsely confess to murdering their own daughter..

太可怕了，这令我想起了美国不人道的控辩交易制度，不过那要严重得多并且系统化。至少跟国外比起来，这里的暴力犯罪微乎其微。说实话，想不通为什么会有人竟然误认谋杀自己女儿的罪行。

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rainydayOCT. 17 2016 - 12:31PM JST
The serious problems in that case and many others like it are real though the overall image of Japan`s criminal justice system ends up being a bit sensationalized by it.

如果是那样的话可真的是够严重的，可为啥还是有很多人喜欢日本的司法制度呢。尽管这篇文章看完后会让人有一种“日本的司法制度极其恐怖”的感觉。

The conviction rate is about 99% for cases that proceed to trial and confessions are often the cornerstone piece of evidence and the system for obtaining those is clearly stacked against the accused. What needs to be added though is that relatively few cases actually go to trial in Japan since police and prosecutors have several steps on the way in which they will let people go. Japan`s prison population is around 75000 compared to 2 million in the US (a per capita rate more than 10 times higher) so despite the high conviction rate very few people who come into contact with the police actually go to prison because police and prosecutors will either let people they believe to be innocent go or they will seek some informal settlement for minor offences like property crimes in which the perpetrator pays restitution in exchange for avoiding prosecution.

在审案件中的定罪率能达到百分之九十九，在案子过程中，犯罪嫌疑人的认罪书和证据比起来可谓是起到了至关重要的作用，而司法系统显然是通过秘密手段从被告身上得到了这份认罪书。然而需要补充的是，尽管如此，实际上在日本，送审的案件却是相对较少的。因为警方和公诉人都有些手段把人给放了。日本监狱的在押犯人大概是75000人，而美国则有两百万人之多（美国的人均在押犯比日本的人均在押犯高十倍）。所以，尽管日本有着超高的定罪率，但实际上和警察打过交道进过监狱的人却少之又少。因为警察和公诉人会让那些被他们认定为是无辜的人走，要是碰上一些轻型犯罪的话，如财产犯罪等，他们就会用些非正式的方法来解决问题，比如让犯罪分子支付相应的赔偿以让犯罪分子免于被起诉。

That flexibility in the initial stages of an investigation only really helps people accused of minor offences. For murder and other serious crimes it isn`t an option and if the police believe you have committed murder then you are in trouble because of the procedural shortcomings that allow them to extract false confessions. There have been some reforms aimed at alleviating this but nowhere near enough...

在案件调查的初级阶段，这种执法的灵活性可以帮助那些本应被指控的轻微犯罪者。但对于谋杀或其他等严重的刑事案件，这就不适用了，如果警方认定你是杀人凶手的话，那么你就麻烦了，因为司法制度的漏洞，他们会想方设法的从你身上榨取虚假的认罪书。现在已经有了一些指在减轻这种屈打成招现象的改革政策，但远远不够……

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John-SanOCT. 17 2016 - 12:35PM JST
The US has it's problems but does a much better job with suspect rights than Japan does.your not a Black American Stanger. Japanese police dont go around killing unarmed innocent black people.

美国虽然也有问题但是和日本比起来，美国在保证犯罪嫌疑人的权利这方面做得更好。@Stanger，你不是美国黑人。日本警察不会去射杀手无寸铁的无辜黑人。

CH3CHOOCT. 17 2016 - 01:38PM JST
In Japan anyone can be held by police for 23 days without being charged.

在日本，任何人都可以在没有被起诉的情况下，被警方羁押23天

When will English media stop this misinformation? Police cannot detain a person without a warrant issued by a court.

英语媒体什么时候才能停止这种不负责任的造谣？日本警察在没有得到法院签发的许可证明可是不能够拘捕任何人的。

To detain a person for 23 days the police must first file a petition for arrest warrant to a court. If the petition is granted and the arrest warrant is issued by a court the police can arrest a person for 24 hours. The police must refer the suspect to the public prosecutor by the end of 24 hours. If the public prosecutor decides that the case is not worth prosecuting he releases the suspect. If the prosecutor decides to pursue the case he can detain the suspect for another 48 hours. By the end of 72 hours from the initial arrest the public prosecutor must release the suspect unless the court issues an order for additional 10 day detention based on a petition by the public prosecutor. And by the end of 10 days and 72 hours from the initial arrest the public prosecutor must release the suspect unless the court issues an order for additional 10 day detention based on a petition by the public prosecutor.

如果警方想拘留一个人23天的话，首先他得向法院提出一个逮捕许可的申请，如果这个申请被法院授理并且签发了逮捕许可证明，警方才可以拘留一个人24个小时。警方必须在24小时结束前把犯罪嫌疑人移交给公诉人。如果公诉人觉得这个案件没有审下去的必要，那么他就会释放嫌疑人，如果公诉人决定继续追查的话，他可以再拘留嫌疑人48小时。除非法院根据公诉人的申请额外签发了一个为期十天的拘留许可，不然从一开始被警察逮捕拘留过去七十二个小时候，公诉人必须犯人。如果这十天过去之后公诉人还想继续审下去的话还得继续向法院提出新的拘留申请，法院再签发新的为期十天的拘留许可方可继续拘留。

So the suspect is referred to the court 3 times and referred to the public prosecutor one time. Isn't it confusing or deceitful to call it "without being charged"?

所以犯罪嫌疑人应该是去了三次法院，去了一次公诉人那，那你这个“没有经过起诉”的说法是不是在混淆视听欺诈读者呢？

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HonestDictatorOCT. 17 2016 - 01:39PM JST
@John-San riiight. Hate to break it to you but I'm a black American and the only ones that get the "evil eye" from the police and more likely to have guns pointed at them are people who act "thug/gangster/convict" . Don't act like a thug life one will not be treated like a thug life. The thug lives don't comprehend it.
Japan's "law" system is a joke and the "procedures" that the police in Japan are supposed to follow are not even there. It could be improved drastically but that's up to the legislature to figure out... and we know how helpful they are....

@John-San不好意思，我要打断你一下，我是一个美国黑人，每次和警察打交道，我只能从他们眼里看到冷冰冰的怀疑，要是那些被认定为“暴徒流氓凶手”的黑人，估计就不是冷冰冰的眼神而是直接拿枪指着了。在美国，黑人可不要活得像个暴徒，因为你不知道当你被认定为暴徒的话会碰到啥事。
日本的司法系统就是一个笑话、从来都不必对日本警察会去遵守“程序”这种东西抱有任何的期望。这种问题应该得到改善…不过这得通过制定更健全的法案来解决…健全的法律将能够更好的帮助日本来改变这种局面…

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YubaruOCT. 17 2016 - 01:58PM JST
To detain a person for 23 days the police must first file a petition for arrest warrant to a court

如果真的是要拘留一个人23天的话那么警察就必须向法院提出拘留许可的申请。

It is not an arrest warrant those are issued when the police turn over the suspect to the public prosecutors for trial or when the police have evidence to prosecute but still are investigating the crime or crimes.

当警方将嫌疑犯移交给公诉人或者警方在办案过程中获得了足以起诉嫌疑人的证据的话，警察就无需向法院申请签发拘捕许可。

A petition must be filed to further detain a suspect.

如果在审讯过程中需要进一步拘留嫌疑人的话，就得提出新的拘留许可申请了。

Oh and to all the folks that think Japan is "innocent until proven guilty" I hope this article stops the constant references to this theory when they comment on posts here.

最后，我想对所有认为日本是一个“可以把无辜的人活生生逼成犯罪分子”的国家的人说一句，当你们在这里对日本评头论足的时候，我则希望这篇文章能够停止对这种错误说法的提及