因接近废气，步行上学的儿童比成人更容易遭受30%的污染 [英国媒体]

Youngsters driven to school are exposed to twice as much pollution as those who walk

坐车上学的年轻人受污染程度是走路的两倍



Primary school children are being exposed to 30 per cent more pollution than adults while walking along busy roads due to their closer proximity to vehicle exhaust fumes, a study claims.

一项研究声称，小学生们在接近繁忙的道路时受更的污染比成年人多出30%，这是因为他们离汽车尾气很近。

The new research by NGO Global Action Plan, released to coincide with Clean Air Day on 21 June, was based on experiments across four UK cities – Manchester, Leeds, Glasgow and London.

NGO全球行动计划的新研究，与6月21日的清洁空气日相一致，是基于四个英国城市——曼彻斯特、利兹、格拉斯哥和伦敦的实验。

The researchers used thermal imaging techniques which use CO2 as a tracer gas to illustrate how children’s height makes them more vulnerable to exhaust fumes including nitrogen oxide (NOx), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and diesel particulates.
The results also revealed that for children who are driven to school, the situation is far worse. 

研究人员使用热成像技术，使用CO2作为示踪气体来说明儿童的身高如何使他们更容易受到包括氮氧化物（NOx）、二氧化氮（NO2）和柴油微粒的废气的伤害。研究结果还表明，对于坐车上学的孩子来说，情况更糟。

They are exposed to double the pollution inside a vehicle than those walking on busy streets.
It showed that pollution levels from petrol and diesel vehicles were 2.5 times lower for children walking along quiet roads.

研究表明，坐车比在繁忙街道上行走的人受到的污染要高一倍，汽油和柴油车辆的污染水平是沿着小路行走的儿童的2.5倍。

Air pollution is associated with reduced lung growth in childhood, as well as increased severity of asthma and pneumonia, according to research by Queen Mary University’s Professor Jonathan Grigg.
“Children’s lungs are especially vulnerable for those at primary school and younger, as they are still developing,” Professor Grigg said

玛丽女王大学教授Jonathan Grigg的研究表明，空气污染与儿童的肺生长减少有关，同时也增加了哮喘和肺炎的严重程度。Grigg教授说：“孩子们的肺部特别容易受到小学生和年轻人的影响，因为他们还在发育。”

“It’s critical that we protect the health of our children’s lungs from air pollution, in order to prevent lasting damage. My research has shown that exposure of young children to higher amounts of air pollution from traffic, has a major impact on their lungs. Although parents can reduce this impact by walking on less polluted roads and taking public transport, the UK government must take further steps to reduce toxic emissions from all roads.”

“我们保护儿童肺的健康免受空气污染是至关重要的，防止持续的损害。我的研究表明，暴露于交通中的空气污染对儿童的影响很大，对他们的肺部有很大的影响。虽然父母可以通过在污染较少的道路上行走和采取公共交通来减少这种影响，但英国政府必须采取进一步措施来减少所有道路上的有毒排放物。”

Toxic air zones

废气区

Separate research also released to coincide with Clean Air Day reveals that 30 per cent of British children live in “toxic air zones”, according to analysis by Unicef UK.

根据英国联合国儿童基金会的分析，与清洁空气日相一致的另一项研究显示，30%的英国儿童生活在“有毒空气地带”。

The charity says 4.5 million children are growing up in areas with unsafe levels of particulate pollution.
Unicef said of the 20 local authorities with the largest proportion of babies living in them, almost three-quarters breach safe levels for particulate matter. Among the worst affected are children in Birmingham, London, Manchester, Liverpool and Bristol.

该慈善机构表示，450万名儿童在不安全的微粒污染地区长大。联合国儿童基金会说，20个地方当局的婴儿比例最大，几乎有四分之三的人违反了颗粒物的安全水平。受影响最严重的是伯明翰、伦敦、曼彻斯特、利物浦和布里斯托尔的儿童。

The health effects of exposure to small particulate pollution are estimated to cost the NHS and social care sector in excess of ￡40m each year. Public Health England research shows that even the smallest improvement in air quality could reap massive rewards for children and the UK taxpayer.

暴露于小颗粒污染的健康影响估计每年花费超过40000英镑的NHS和社会护理部门。英国公共卫生研究表明，即使是最小的空气质量改善也能为儿童和英国纳税人带来巨大的回报。

During road closures for the London Marathon, traffic-free streets saw pollution levels drop by 89 per cent, research by Kings College London revealed.

伦敦国王学院的研究显示，在伦敦马拉松的道路封闭期间，交通自由的街道看到的污染水平下降了89%。

Unicef UK’s Amy Gibbs said: “We already know that air pollution is harmful, but these findings force us to face a shocking reality about the acute impact on children’s health. Worryingly, one-third of our children could be filling their lungs with toxic air that puts them at risk of serious, long-term health conditions.  

联合国儿童基金会的Amy Gibbs说：“我们已经知道空气污染是有害的，但是这些发现迫使我们面对一个令人震惊的现实，即对儿童健康的严重影响。令人担忧的是，我们三分之一的孩子可能会给他们的肺部注入有毒空气，使他们面临严重的长期健康状况的危险。

“It’s unacceptable that the most vulnerable members of society, who contribute the least to air pollution, are the ones suffering most from its effects. We wouldn’t make our children drink dirty water, so why are we allowing them to breathe dirty air?

“不可接受的是，社会最脆弱的成员，他们对空气污染的“贡献”最少，是最受影响的。我们不会让我们的孩子喝脏水，为什么我们允许他们呼吸脏空气呢？

Speaking about Global Action Plan’s research on children’s greater exposure to vehicle pollution, the environment secretary, Michael Gove, said: “This troubling new research is a further demonstration of why we need to take strong action now to improve air quality.

谈到对儿童更大程度上接触汽车污染全球计划的研究，环境部长米迦勒说：“这一令人不安的新研究进一步说明了为什么我们现在需要采取强有力的行动来改善空气质量。

"Our new Clean Air Strategy sets out how we will be the first major developed economy to reduce air pollution in line with World Health Organisation limits and we have invested ￡3.5bn to reduce harmful emissions.

“我们新的清洁空气战略阐明了我们将成为世界上第一个主要的发达经济体，以减少空气污染，符合世界卫生组织的限制，我们投入了35亿英镑来减少有害排放。

"But Clean Air Day reminds us that by taking simple steps, like leaving the car at home for the school run, we can work together to reduce air pollution and protect our health.”

“但是清洁空气日提醒我们，通过简单的步骤，比如把车留在家里跑步，我们可以一起工作，减少空气污染，保护我们的健康。”