作为政府保护大象计划的一部分，英国将禁止象牙交易 [英国媒体]

-------------译者：jaden-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------



The trade of items made from ivory will be banned in the UK in a bid to help protect elephants ministers have announced.

相关政府部长宣布，为了保护大象，英国将禁止象牙制品贸易。

The ban which the government said will be the toughest in Europe and one of the toughest in the world will cover items of any age not just those containing new ivory.

政府表示，这项禁令将是欧洲最严厉的，也是世界上最严厉的禁令之一。这项禁令将涵盖所有时期的象牙商品，而不仅仅是那些新生产的。

Under plans announced by the environment secretary Michael Gove anyone who continues to illegally trade ivory will face an unlimited fine or a jail sentence of up to five years.

根据环境部长迈克尔·戈夫(Michael Gove)宣布的计划，任何继续非法买卖象牙的人都将面临不限数额的罚款或最高5年的监禁。

The ivory trade is a major cause of declining numbers of wild elephants as poachers continue to hunt endangered species for their valuable tusks.

象牙贸易是野生大象数量减少的主要原因，因为偷猎者们不断地捕杀濒危的大象以获取珍贵的象牙。

The number of wild elephants has dropped by almost a third in the last decade alone and around 20000 are still being slaughtered for their tusks each year.

在过去的十年里，野生大象的数量减少了近三分之一，而且每年仍有大约2万头大象因其象牙而被屠杀。

The international trade in illegal ivory is estimated to be worth ￡17bn each year.

国际上每年象牙的非法贸易额估计价值170亿英镑。

It is unclear when the UK ban will come into effect but government sources said the legislation will be placed before parliament as soon as possible.

目前尚不清楚英国的这项禁令何时生效，但政府人士有消息称，这项立法提案会尽快提交议会。

The move follows a wide consultation on making the trade in ivory illegal with 88 per cent of respondents saying they supported a ban.

在此之前，就象牙贸易非法交易进行了广泛磋商，88%的受访者表示支持禁止象牙贸易。

Announcing the policy Mr Gove said: “Ivory should never be seen as a commodity for financial gain or a status symbol so we will introduce one of the world’s toughest bans on ivory sales to protect elephants for future generations.

在宣布这项政策时，戈夫先生表示:“象牙永远不应该被视为一种经济收益或地位象征的商品，因此我们将推出世界上最严厉的禁止象牙销售的禁令，为我们的下一代保护大象。”

“The ban on ivory sales we will bring into law will reaffirm the UK’s global leadership on this critical issue demonstrating our belief that the abhorrent ivory trade should become a thing of the past.”

“从法律上禁止象牙交易，在这一关键问题上英国将重申其在全球的领导地位，这证明了我们的信念，即令人憎恶的象牙贸易应该成为历史。”

Several types of ivory item will be exempted from the ban including those that were made before 1947 and contain less than 10 per cent of the substance.

部分种类的象牙制品将豁免于该禁令，包括1947年以前制造的象牙制品，以及象牙含量不到10%的产品。

Musical instruments that were made before 1975 and contain less than 20 per cent ivory will also be allowed to be traded as will antique items that are especially rare. Museums will be allowed to buy and sell ivory items.

在1975年之前制作且象牙含量不到20%的乐器将被允许进行交易，同样那些特别稀有的象牙古董也被允许交易。博物馆也允许买卖象牙制品。
-------------译者：兜兜风ddf-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

The ban is the latest in a string of environmentally friendly policies announced by Mr Gove’s department.

该禁令是戈夫先生部门宣布的一系列友善环境政策中的最新一项。

It has banned plastic microbeads and pesticides harmful to bees, announced plans to introduce a bottle deposit scheme and a new “Northern Forest”, made CCTV compulsory in slaughterhouses, made plans to reintroduce beavers in some areas and pledged to abolish all plastic waste by 2040.

它已经禁止了使用塑料微珠以及伤害蜜蜂的农药，并宣布计划推出"回收瓶子可存款"和打造新“北部森林”的计划，在屠宰场强制性安装闭路电视监控措施，计划在某些地区重新引入海狸，并承诺到2040年废除所有塑料废物。

The Conservatives hope a focus on environmental policies will help win back the support of younger voters.

保守派希望重点关注环境政策将有助于其赢回年轻选民们的支持。

Other countries have already banned the trade in ivory, but many allow older items to be bought and sold.

其他国家已经禁止象牙贸易，但许多国家仍允许购买和出售（年代久远的）产品。

In the US, for example, ivory items that are more than 100 years old can still be traded, as can those that contain up to 50 per cent of the substance.

例如，在美国，100年以上历史的象牙制品仍然能进行交易，而那些象牙含量高达50％的制品也可以进行交易。

Trade in raw ivory is already illegal in the UK but buying and selling items made from the substance is largely unrestricted providing they were made before 3 March 1947. Any made after this date require a certificate before they can be traded.

象牙原料贸易在英国已经是非法的，但如果制品是在1947年3月3日之前制造出来的，那么该制品的购买和销售基本上是不受限制的。在此日期之后制造的任何物品都需要证书才能进行交易。

UK government ministers recently called for all EU member states to ban the commercial trade in raw ivory within the EU. The bloc is currently consulting on what further action it could take to reduce the trade.

英国政府部长近来呼吁所有欧盟成员国禁止在欧盟境内进行象牙原料贸易。该集团目前正在研讨能减少贸易的进一步行动。

The announcement of a UK-wide ban was welcomed by animal rights campaigners, but some warned that more action is needed.

全英禁令的宣布受到动物维权人士的欢迎，但一些人警告说还需要采取更多行动。

Tanya Steele, chief executive at WWF, said: “Around 55 African elephants are killed for their ivory a day, their tusks turned into carvings and trinkets. This ban makes the UK a global leader in tackling this bloody trade and it’s something WWF has been fighting hard for.

世界自然基金会行政长官塔尼娅·斯蒂尔（Tanya Steele）说：“每天约有55只非洲大象因其象牙而被杀，它们的长牙变成雕刻品和小饰物。这一禁令使英国成为应对这一血腥交易的全球领导者，这也是世界自然基金会一直在努力奋斗的事情。”

“But if we want to stop the poaching of this majestic animal, we need global action. We hope the UK will continue to press countries where the biggest ivory markets are, most of which are in Asia, to shut down their trade too.”

“但如果我们想停止偷猎这种雄伟庄严的动物，我们需要全球行动。我们希望英国将继续迫使那些拥有最大象牙市场（大部分在亚洲）的国家也能关闭其象牙贸易。“

Matthew Hatchwell, director of conservation at the Zoological Society of London, said: “Legal domestic ivory markets are intrinsically linked to the illegal ivory trade that is driving the current poaching crisis. With almost 20,000 elephants poached in the last year, it is vital that countries take significant steps such as those outlined by the UK government today to close their markets and help make the trade in ivory a thing of the past.

伦敦动物学会保护计划主任马修（Matthew Hatchwell）表示：“合法的国内象牙市场与导致当前偷猎危机的非法象牙贸易有着内在联系。去年有近2万头大象被人偷猎，至关重要的是，各国应采取重要行动，如英国政府今天概述的那些措施，以关闭各国象牙交易市场并帮助让象牙贸易成为历史。”

“No one in the UK today would dream of wearing a tiger-skin coat. Thanks to this move, in a few years’ time we believe the same will be true for the trade in ivory.”

“今天英国没有人会梦想穿老虎皮大衣。多亏这一举措，我们相信几年后象牙贸易也会如此。
-------------译者：梧桐pasky-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

booster 2 days ago +2
Can we ban the the sale of diamonds due to the number of miners killed.

我们能否因为许多矿工的意外死亡而禁止钻石销售呢。

lmilich 2 days ago
More to the point ban the sale of gold (unless certified) because of the enormous damage to ecosystems from deforestation and to humans due to methyl mercury poisoning.

说的直白一些，禁止销售黄金（除非有证明文件），因为过度采伐森林和甲基汞中毒已经对森林生态系统和人类造成巨大损害了。

Steve Hill 2 days ago
More miners die extracting coal...

很多矿工因开采煤矿而死。

Oo 2 days ago +1
Nobody is forcing miners to get in the lift. 

没有人强制矿工他们进电梯（逃生）。

Bbabboon 2 days ago +8
The trade in Ivory is abhorrent criminal and harms and demeans us all.
Genuine tough sanctions and interventions would be very welcome. 
But I fear this proclamation 'The ban will extend to ivory items of any age' - perhaps 50 or a 100 years old - Will do little if anything to offer further effective protection and is pure and simply headline grabbing grandstanding for the deification of the unGlorious Gove.

象牙交易不仅是可憎的犯罪行径，还伤害贬低了我们所有人。对象牙交易采取真正的严厉制裁和干预才是喜闻乐见的。但我担心若“这一禁令将会延伸到任何年龄的象牙制品”——也许是拥有50年或者100年历史的（制品 ）——的宣称见效甚微不能够提供深远有效的保护，那么这种宣称不过是标题党、为神化那并不光荣的戈夫先生的哗众取众罢了。

GeorgeNotBush 2 days ago +5
US Customs has made it virtually impossible for musicians to take their instruments across the border for concerts if there's even a miniscule bit of historic ivory in the instrument or bow. The paperwork burden is bad enough but there's only a limited number of ports where such an instrument can be brought into the US. Advance notice is required. Oh yes it's even worse if you bring an instrument with ivory into California. 

美国海关实际上使得去海外参演音乐会的音乐家们不能带任何哪怕只是含有极小古老象牙成分的乐器或琴弓过境。书面证明的工作负担已经够大了，却只有很少的港口可以购入这种象牙乐器到美国。提前通告是必须的。噢，对了，如果你带着有象牙成分的乐器到加利福尼亚州的话，情况更糟糕。

lmilich 2 days ago -2
I don't have any issues with their stance.... I'm confident that there are replacements. Yes maybe the instruments won't sound as good but 99.5% of us won't be able to perceive the difference.

我对他们的立场没有任何异议...我相信象牙制品一定会出现替代品的。是的，也许音质并没有象牙制的乐器那么好，但是我们中99.5％的人是没法区分出这两者间的音质差距。

Steve Hill 2 days ago +5
I have heard of musicians having their instruments confiscated at US borders - permanently - just because the paperwork was not in order.  Since there is no adequate paper trail the US government cannot itself then sell the instrument so it is just destroyed.

我听说有x音乐家的乐器在美国边境被永久没收了，原因是其文书工作做的不妥当。因为没有充足的书面记录，美国政府又不能够卖掉这些乐器，所以就将其销毁了。

The case I am thinking of involved a classical guitar which contained Brazilian rosewood - a standard material until the 1960s when it became CITES listed.

这让我想起了一个关于含有巴西紫檀木成分的吉他的案子——巴西紫檀木本是一种标准（乐器）材料，直到20世纪60年代其被列入《华盛顿公约》（又名《濒危野生动植物国际贸易公约》）。

someone who used to be someone else 2 days ago
So a beautiful fine old bow made before the ban belonging to a top concert musician can be ripped apart because you can't hear the difference?

所以，属于一位顶级音乐家、在禁令发布之前制成的精美老琴弓，就因为你听不出其中的音质差别而变得一文不值就可以无情摧毁了吗？

-------------译者：梧桐pasky-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

someone who used to be someone else 2 days ago +3
George and Steve  Thank goodness there are others on here who understand the issue.
Steve my husband now retired played with some of the top London orchestras this really happened with the fittings ripped from bows before their owners eyes.  As a result some musicians would not take part in tours to the states.

网友George和Steve，谢天谢地谢谢你们，这里还是有人明白真正的问题是什么的。
Steve，我现已退休的丈夫曾在伦敦某些最好的管弦乐团演奏过，真的有发生过在乐器主人面前硬生生把其琴弓上的配件扯下来的事。结果就是，一些音乐家们再也不愿意来美国巡演了。

Steve Hill 2 days ago +3
I know musicians who take second-string or "touring" instruments only to the US.  And who no doubt at least in their own minds give second rate performances as a result.

我认识一些音乐家，他们在去美国时只会带二流或专为“巡演”用的乐器，结果是，没人能听出乐器表演出的音质差别，至少在这些音乐家们自己看来，他们只给出了二流的表演。

KeepTheRedFlagFlying 2 days ago -1
'Several types of ivory item will be exempted from the ban including those that were made before 1947 and contain less than 10 per cent of the substance.'
The current ban is already avoided by using the legal market as a cover. It will just continue to do so. A total ban of all items containing ivory of any age is the only serious ban.

“部分种类的象牙制品将豁免于该禁令，包括1947年以前制造的象牙制品，以及象牙含量不到10%的产品。”
人们早就用合法市场作掩护来避免现在的禁令。这种情况将会持续下去。禁止所有年龄段的含象牙的制品（交易）是目前唯一的严厉禁令。

NuclearValdez 2 days ago +6
Don't be ridiculous. Nothing should be destroyed for the sake of dogma

不要搞笑了。没什么东西要因你的武断而被毁坏。

Steve Hill 2 days ago +9
So if a priceless antique Steinway grand piano contains maybe 0.5% ivory you would just burn it?  How about church organs?  

所以如果有架只含有0.5％象牙成分的无价珍贵的斯坦威古董钢琴，你就这么把它烧毁了？那教堂的风琴呢？

Sibthorpe2 days ago
You clearly do not own any antique ivory pieces.

很明显，你不值得拥有任何古董象牙制品。

Kitch 2 days ago+5
As per usual Britain is using a hammer to crack a nut. Gove has the same feeble attitude as May has. They both are only interested in getting their names into the history books and are both totally out of their depth.

像往常一样，英国用铁锤来砸坚果壳。戈夫和梅一样态度软弱。他们只对将自己的名字写进历史书里这事感兴趣，且这一计划都超出了他们的能力范围。

AlanW 2 days ago +7
What absolute idiocy ! I adore elephants and would glady shoot to kill anyone poaching elephants. But destroying stocks of ivory is a sign of disrespect. Stocks should be auctioned and the proceeds go to funding anti-poaching forces who should be armed with ground-to-air missiles to shoot down the helicopters used by the poachers. And elephants who die of old age no problem with selling that ivory. And as far as destroying ivory obxts whether sculptured works of art or just souvenirs is sheer madness. Totally the wrong approach from Gove and Prince William.

多傻逼哦！我喜爱大象，很乐意开枪杀掉那些想偷猎掉它们的人。但是销毁象牙制品存货是不敬的表现。那些存货应当拿去拍卖，然后拍卖得来的钱用来为反偷猎组织配备地对空的导弹，用来击落那些偷猎者的直升机。而且那些因年纪大而死去的大象，它们的象牙应当被允许贩卖。无论是雕刻艺术品还是纪念品，只要是象牙制品就全部销毁，这完全就是失了智。这些错误做法完全是戈夫和威廉王子的馊主意。

AnEmigrant2 days ago +1
You are wrong on this point.
I worked for an investigation agency to establish how ivory is smuggled. The one thing they wanted was a total ban on all ivory trade so that any sale of ivory was a criminal offence making it much easier to prosecute without the need to go through the very difficult process of establishing the original source of the ivory and when the elephant was killed.

你在这点上想错了。我曾为一家调查机构工作过，去确认象牙是如何走私的。他们想做的就是完全禁止象牙交易，这样任何形式的售卖活动都是刑事犯罪，这样做的的话，当大象被杀时，他们能更容易起诉那些盗猎者，而不用走复杂的程序去确认象牙的来源。

-------------译者：龙腾翻译总管-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

algeciras 2 days ago +2
OK well done Gove it took you long enoughand of course this is purely for Gove's ego but every bit helps.

呵呵，干得好，戈夫。虽然你花了那么长时间才提出这项计划，而此举想当然纯粹是为了戈夫他自己的野心，但一点一滴亦有帮助。

Unfortunately it's countries like Hong KongSouth KoreaChinaGermany and the Czech Rep who are the top five buyer's of Ivory and the growing number of countries that have increased their purchases of Ivorylike Slovakia The NetherlandsUAEFinland AustriaVietnamUnited StatesMexicoCanada and Spain that should be shamed.

不幸的是，因像香港、韩国、中国、德国和捷克共和国等五大象牙买家国家的存在，以及那些不断增长其象牙购买量的国家数的上升，例如斯洛伐克、荷兰、阿拉伯联合酋长国、芬兰、奥地利、越南、美国、墨西哥、加拿大和西班牙等国，他们应为之感到惭愧。

This is a real conundrumbecause on the one hand in certain areasElephants have increased in population to the point where "culling" is deemed necessary and where Elephants threaten the lives/livelihood of local people and where there is an excess of Elephants(the meat can be made into Biltong) and Ivory is available then by selling it to help the local people would be difficult for us all in our comfy lives in the west but could help the local people very much.Againthere is so much corruption in Africa (and the world) that the poor people who would benefit from the sale of Ivory are not getting any of the money.

这真是个难题，因为一方面在某些地区，大象的数量在上升，对当地人民的生活/生计造成威胁，所以“捕杀”大象其实是有必要的；那里的大象过多（象肉能被做成干肉条），象牙是可获取利用的，然后出售（象牙）能帮到当地人民，而这在我们这些生活在西方舒适惬意条件的人眼中是无法想象的，但这能帮到当地人民很多。再次申明，非洲（还有世界）有很多腐败（问题），而那些本该从象牙交易中获益的贫困人民却分文都拿不到。

In the meantime the chaos will continue and not only Elephantsbut much of our planet's wildlife suffer.

而与此同时，混乱仍将继续，而这不仅是对大象来说，更是影响到了活在我们星球上的那些野生动植物们。

Piano4tay 2 days ago +11
I have a modest proposal that would solve a number of problems: legalise the hunting of poachers in all the wild-life reserves. I'm sure there are wealthy people who currently shoot animals who would be willing to shoot poachers instead and pay a hefty fee for the privilege. Hunting licenses could be auctioned by government authorities and provide a handy contribution to local economies....

我有个比较温和的、能解决掉很多问题的提议：在所有野生动物保护区内，将狩猎偷猎者这一行径合法化。我确信那些猎杀动物的有钱人们会很乐意玩猎杀偷猎者的游戏，且还会为这种特权支付高昂的费用。狩猎许可证可由政府当局进行拍卖，并为当地经济提供一个便利的贡献方式......

GhostAccount 2 days ago +6
I would sign up for that.

我绝对会报名参加的。

lyonedes 2 days ago +2
I have a modest proposal. Life for corrupt officials and the rope for poachers.

我也有个比较温和的提议。判那些腐败的官员们终生监禁，然后送那些偷猎者们上绞刑架。

-------------译者：科科-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

louwscreek 2 days ago +3
A good proposition but who can sentence and jail a president of an African state?  

这提议很好，但是谁能审判并监禁非洲国家总统呢？

westmids man 2 days ago +2
Dont y`all cheer yet.

你们别高兴得太早。

Is it a total ban  on  antiques carved before 1947 or items worked before 1990 ( which needed government certificates) & all ivory produced after 1990 passing through the UK .

这是对1947年以前的古董雕刻品、或是1990年以前的制品（需政府证书）以及对在1990年以后生产的流经英国的所有象牙制品的全面禁令。
Don`t forget The international trade in ivory has been illegal since 1990 ..

别忘了，自1990年以来，国际象牙贸易一直是违法的....

TigerTale 2 days ago +2
Won't make any difference except people with antiques in the UK won't be able to sell them to anyone else. 

不会有任何改变，除非那些拥有古董的英国人不把古董卖给别人。

mcbutler 2 days ago+1
True but they could exchange no cash involved = no sale..

这是没错，但是他们可以相互交换古董，不涉及现金=没有买卖.....

mcbutler 2 days ago -4
I think an 'illegal to own' with a handover amnesty would have been more effective.

我觉得“拥有（象牙制品）为非法行为”再加上上交就特赦的措施或许会更有效。

someone who used to be someone else 2 days ago+5
Please see my post above.  You think of ivory as something rich collectors own with no purpose.  It isn't it has been used for a practical purpose.  Do you want to penalise musicians who bought something that was completely legal at the time and use it for their livelihood?  How would that help the elephants? 

请看我上面回复的帖子。你把象牙看做是富有收藏家收藏的没有任何用途的私产。其实并不是的，它有实际的用途。你想惩罚那些在当时买了完全合法的东西并用它谋生的音乐家吗？这又怎么能帮到大象呢？

rogerthecat 2 days ago +6
Whilst this is a worthy aim the black market in ivory skins and other animal products goes on unabated elsewhere unfortunately.

虽然这是一个有价值的目标，但不幸的是，买卖象牙、动物毛皮以及其他动物制品的黑市却有增无减。