中国新军备一览 [联合国媒体]

After heavy investment, China’s next generation of weapons and military equipment nears readiness
There have been advances in recent years, and several key pieces that may significantly improve the PLA’s capabilities are expected to be completed or delivered to the forces in the next year.

近些年来，中国军队在军事装备上取得了一些进展，一些可能会显着提高解放军军力的关键装备有望在明年完工或交付部队。

Second aircraft carrier

第二艘航母

China’s Type 001A carrier – its first domestically built carrier – has undergone three sea trials in 2018. It is likely to enter service sometime next year.
In comparison, China’s first carrier, Liaoning, had its first sea trial in 2011 and was commissioned in 2012.

中国第一艘国产航空母舰（001A型）在2018年进行了三次海上试验。它很可能在明年某个时刻投入服役。
相比之下，中国的首艘航母辽宁舰在2011年进行了首次试航，并于2012年服役。

Based on Liaoning, a 55,000-tonne Soviet Kuznetsov-class vessel, the Type 001A has made some significant modifications including upgrading the radar system, integrating the command bridge and, in particular, redesigning the aircraft hangar to make it capable to carry 32 J-15 fighter jets instead of 26. The ship is still conventionally powered with a ski-jump take-off.

辽宁舰是一艘前苏联库兹涅佐夫级舰艇，排水量为55000吨，基于辽宁舰的基础，001A型航母做出了一些重大改进，包括升级了雷达系统、整合了舰桥，特别是重新设计了机库，使其能够携带32艘歼-15战机而非26架。这艘航母仍然是由传统动力驱动并使用滑翔起飞。

According to the PLA Navy’s naming rules, the new vessel be named after a Chinese province when commissioned. In the case of Liaoning, the former Varyag was renamed after the province where it was retrofitted.

根据人民解放军海军的命名规则，新航母服役时将以中国的省份名称命名。以辽宁舰为例，前瓦良格号改造后以省份命名。

First Type 055 destroyer

第一艘055型驱逐舰

In 2019, the Chinese navy is also expected to receive its first 055 destroyers, which have been on sea trials since August.

2019年，中国海军还将接收首批055驱逐舰，这批舰船从8月份开始一直在进行海试。

This 12,000-tonne guided-missile warship, which exceeds the usual size of “destroyer”, will serve as the primary escort to the aircraft carrier in its strike group.
Type 055 is said to be the world’s second most powerful destroyer, after the US Navy’s DDG-1000, or Zumwalt class, and is the largest and strongest in Asia.

这艘排水量高达12000吨的导弹驱逐舰，超过了一般“驱逐舰”的尺寸，将作为航母攻击群中的主要护航舰艇。055型驱逐舰据说是世界上第二大驱逐舰，仅次于美国海军的“朱姆沃尔特号”驱逐舰（DDG-1000），是亚洲最大最强的驱逐舰。

Three 055s were launched in 2018 and four more are being built, as the navy is quickly increasing its blue water capability.

三艘055型驱逐舰于2018年下水，另外四艘正在建造当中，中国海军正在加速扩大其远海能力。

JL-3 submarine-launched ballistic missile

“巨浪-3”潜射弹道导弹

China reportedly carried out the first JL-3 test flight in late November from a modified Type 032 submarine platform near the northeast city of Dalian on the Bohai Sea, the Washington Free Beacon cited a US intelligence source as saying.

华盛顿自由灯塔报援引美国情报人士的话，称中国在11月下旬在东北城市大连附近的渤海海域进行了巨浪-3导弹试射。

China’s next-generation JL-3 “great wave” is expected to be able to carry 10 multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRVs), each containing multiple nuclear warheads.

中国下一代“巨浪-3”导弹预计能够携带10枚分导式多弹头，每个弹头可携带多枚枚核弹头。

The JL-3, which uses solid fuel, is believed to be the submarine-launched version of the road-mobile DF-41 intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), which entered service in the first half of 2018.

巨浪-3导弹使用固体燃料，被认为是公路机动式东风-41洲际弹道导弹的潜射版，将于2018年上半年投入服役。

Having a range of at least 12,000km (7,500 miles) means the submarine-launched ballistic missile could reach anywhere in the US even from underwater near the China coast.

这种潜射导弹的射程至少为12000千米（7500英里），这意味着这款潜射导弹甚至可以在中国海岸附近进行水下发射，打击美国的任何目标。

Once fully developed, the JL-3 will be comparable to the US Trident II D-5 and new Russian Bulava SLBMs. It will be loaded onto the future Type 096 nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN).

一旦发展完善，巨浪-3将可与美国“三叉戟”II型D5导弹和俄罗斯新型“布拉瓦”海上发射弹道导弹。“巨浪-3”型导弹将装备在未来的096型核动力弹道导弹潜艇上。

Type 095 nuclear submarine

095型核潜艇

Type 095 nuclear attack submarines (SSN) will be the underwater escorts for the PLA Navy carrier strike groups. A total of eight are expected to be built.
The PLA hinted that construction probably began on the first of the nuclear-powered Type 095s in 2017.

095型攻击核潜艇将为人民解放军海军航母战斗群提供水下护航。预计总共将建造8艘该潜艇。
解放军暗示第一艘095型核动力潜艇的建造始于2017年。

The US Department of Defence reports said that with better acoustic features and noise reduction technologies, Type 095 would be much quieter than its predecessor, Type 093B, which is notoriously noisy while in operation. It also has a new air-independent propulsion (AIP) system that can sustain an underwater missions for months. It has also greater weapons capacity.

美国国防部的报告称，095型具有更好的声学特性和降噪技术，将比其前任093B型安静得多，众所周知，093B型在运行时噪声很大。

FC-31 ship-borne fighters and KJ-600 early warning aircraft

“FC-31（鹘鹰）”舰载机和空警600预警飞机

The fifth-generation stealth fighter FC-31 “gyrfalcon” made its maiden flight in 2012. It has since been tested and modified and is expected to be finalised in the next year or two.

第五代FC-31“鹘鹰”隐身战斗机于2012年进行首飞。
自那以后，FC-31已经经过了测试和修改，预计将于未来一两年内最终定型。

The FC-31 are smaller than the heavyweight air superiority fighter J-20. Some analysts said this twin-engine mid-size jet might replace the current J-15 to become the next fighter option aboard the aircraft carriers.

FC-31战机比重量级的空中优势战斗机歼-20小。一些分析家认为这款双发中型战机可能会取代歼-15成为航母舰载机的下一个选择。

Meanwhile, there is still a lack of ship-based fixed-wing aircraft to provide electronic early warning and reconnaissance for the Chinese carriers. It is predicted that China’s next-generation early warning and reconnaissance aircraft JK-600 will likely take its first flight soon.

与此同时，中国海军缺乏舰载固定翼飞机为中国航母提供电子预警和侦察。据预测，中国下一代预警和侦察飞机“空警-600”将很快进行首飞。

With large active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, this aircraft is designed for the PLA Navy’s future electromagnetic catapult-launch carriers.

“空警-600”将采用大型有源相控阵雷达，专为解放军海军未来的电磁弹射航母设计。

H-20 bomber

“轰-20”轰炸机

China has confirmed that its new strategic stealth bomber is called H-20. In August, state TV said there had been “significant progress” in its development.

中国政府已经证实其新型战略轰炸机被称为“轰-20”。八月，中国中央电视台表示，“轰-20”的发展已经取得了“重大进展”。

The H-20 will join the J-20 fighters, Y-20 airlifters and Z-20 helicopters in the PLA Air Force’s “20” series of new aircraft. Many observers believe the “20” means they would be in service around the year 2020.

“轰-20”将加入“歼-20”战斗机、“运-20”运输机及“直-20”直升机成为中国空军“20”系列新飞机的行列。

Although few details have been disclosed, H-20 is believed to be a huge leap forward from the H-6K, the Chinese air force’s only current long-range nuclear-capable strategic bomber, which is based on the Soviet Tu-16 from 1950s.

尽管中国国家电视台没有披露多少细节，但“轰-20”被认为是在“轰-6K”基础上的一个巨大飞跃，“轰-6K”是中国空军目前唯一可携带核弹头的远程战略轰炸机，其前身是前苏联二十世纪五十年代的“图-16”轰炸机。

In a promotion video by the developer Xian Aircraft Industrial Corporation, a demonstration of a flying wing-shaped aircraft covered by a veil is considered to be a prototype H-20, which means it has a similar design to the US B-2 “Spirit” stealth bomber, with built-in fuselage and no tail.

在飞机制造企业西安飞机工业集团的一段宣传视频中，一架被布覆盖的翼状飞机被认为是“轰-20”的原型机，这意味着它的设计与美国“B-2幽灵”隐身轰炸机相似，机身内置，没有尾翼。


GADGETEER._
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