中国人满为患的人才市场让外国员工和海归的日子愈发艰难 [联合国媒体]

With the Chinese economy slowing, concern has increased amongChinese policymakers about the outlook for employment, since ensuring asufficient number of new jobs is seen as a necessary ingredient in maintainingsocial stability. Employment was the top priority set by the the Politburo lastJuly when it shifted its economic policy focus to stabilising growth, and thisin turn lead the government to enact a series of policies to counter risingjoblessness. This series explores the employment challenges faced by differentsegments of the Chinese economy, and this second instalment examines the issuesfaced by Chinese students returning from studying overseas, as well as foreignworkers.

随着中国经济的放缓，中国对就业前景的担忧日益增加，因为确保足够数量的新工作被视为维持社会稳定的必要因素。就业是去年7月确定的首要任务，当时将经济重点转向稳定增长，这反过来又导致出台一系列政策来应对失业率上升。本系列文章探讨了中国经济不同领域面临的就业挑战，第二部分探讨了回国留学的中国学生以及外籍工人面临的问题。

As the clock struck 11pm on a Wednesdaynight in late January, Peter Chen finally left his office in northwest Beijing.He had been researching the perception technology used in self-driving carssince 10am that morning.

随着1月底的一个星期三晚上11点钟敲响，陈彼得终于离开了他在北京西北部的办公室。他从早上10点开始研究自动驾驶汽车的感知技术。



Haigui is the Chinese term to describepeople who return to China having studied abroad. It sounds like the Chineseword for sea turtle – and like their migrating namesake, these returnees haveoften travelled great distances to come home.

海归是一个中国术语，用来形容留学后回国的人。这听起来像是中国的“海龟”一词，就像他们的同名海龟一样，这些归国者经常远行后才回家。

The term used to be synonymous withChina’s elites. Forty years ago, when he started China’s opening-up process, paramountleader Deng Xiaoping made a strategic decision to send Chinese students andscholars overseas to learn new technologies and management skills.

这个词过去是中国精英的同义词。四十年前，当邓小平开始中国的对外开放进程时，他作出了一个战略决策，把中国的学生和学者派到国外学习新技术和管理技能。



In a separate survey by the recruitmentwebsite Liepin.com released in January, 80 per cent of returnees in 2018expected an annual salary above 200,000 yuan (US$29,652).

在招聘网站Liepin.com1月份发布的另一项调查中，80%的归国者预计2018年的年薪将超过20万元（29652美元）。

In reality, more than half ofrespondents were earning less than 100,000 yuan, a sign that returnees havelost their edge over domestic graduates.

事实上，超过一半的受访者的收入不到10万元，这表明回国人员已经失去了对国内毕业生的优势。

“A couple of years ago I would have saidthe returnees were better employees,” said Aurelien Rigard, the co-founder ofShanghai-based technology company IT Consultis.

上海科技公司ITConsultis的联合创始人奥雷连里加德（AurelienRigard）说：“几年前，我会说，归国者是更好的员工。”



Despite his illustrious education, Feistruggled to find work with a Chinese firm, which was his preference, and hewas forced to broaden the search and found work with a multinational commoditytrader, working as a strategic investment associate.

尽管他受过良好的教育，但他还是很难在一家他喜欢的中国公司的工作，他被迫扩大了搜索范围，并找到了一家跨国商品交易商的工作，作为一名战略投资伙伴工作。

“The word haigui has lost its historicalsignificance,” he said, adding that Chinese firms are now more keen to hirefrom top local universities.

“海归这个词已经失去了它的历史意义，”他说，并补充说，中国企业现在更热衷于从当地顶尖大学招聘人才。

With a slowdown in the Chinese economy,this is becoming even more pronounced – especially in the fields of finance andproperty – according to a study by the consultancy firm PreTalent.

咨询公司pretalent的一项研究表明，随着中国经济的放缓，这一点变得更加明显，尤其是在金融和房地产领域。

When job hunting from the United Stateslast year, Fei did not see any Chinese real estate companies recruiting oncampus.

去年在美国找工作时，菲没有看到任何中国房地产公司在校园里招聘。



The fiercely competitive labour marketis also creating challenges for foreigners in China – for both companies andemployees.

竞争激烈的劳动力市场也为外国人在中国的公司和雇员带来了挑战。

A report released by LinkedIn and Bain& Company in December last year found that 40 per cent of business leaderswho began a new job at a local company in the past five years transitionedthere from a multinational company.

LinkedIn和Bain&Company去年12月发布的一份报告发现，在过去五年中，40%在本地公司开始新工作的商业领袖都是由跨国企业转来的。

“Local companies are winning more talentfrom multinational corporations,” said Stephen Shih, a partner at Bain.

贝恩公司的合伙人史蒂芬•施表示：“本地公司正从跨国公司中赢得更多的人才。”



Companies in China, both foreign andChinese, are actively “localising” the workforce, again due to the availabilityof highly-skilled Chinese talent.

在中国，无论是外国公司还是中国公司，都在积极“本地化”劳动力，这也是由于中国人才具备的高技能。

“In conversations on the topic, membersdo mention a growing preference among companies for recruiting local talentwith international education, rather than junior expat profiles that may leavethe country one day,” said a spokeswoman for the European Union Chamber ofCommerce in Beijing.

一位驻北京的欧盟商会发言人说：“在讨论这个话题的时候，成员国的确提到，越来越多的公司倾向于招聘具有国际教育背景的本地人才，而不是有一天会离开中国的初级外籍人士。”

Those with very specific technicalskills are valued and are often found in the upper echelons of companies, andthere are more opportunities available outside the saturated hubs of Beijing, Shanghaiand Shenzhen.

那些拥有非常特殊技术技能的人受到重视，而且经常出现在公司的高层，在北京、上海和深圳等饱和的中心地带之外，还有更多的机会。



“There’s now a different category ofentrepreneur,” he said. “People used to come to Chinese soil for visa purposes,lots of them started a business in China without researching it. This is notthe case any more – you must have experience.”

他说：“现在有一种不同类型的企业家。”“过去人们来中国是为了签证，他们中的许多人在中国创业时都没有研究过。这种情况已经不复存在了——你必须有经验。”

The technology space in which heoperates, having launched e-commerce channels and platforms for mainlyinternational retail clients who wish to sell in China, has become fiercelycompetitive.

他为希望在中国销售的主要国际零售客户推出了电子商务渠道和平台，在其经营的技术领域，竞争日趋激烈。



Chen, who rejectedovertures from European car companies, is one of them.

陈是其中之一，他拒绝了欧洲汽车公司的邀请。

“Chinese companiesmight already be ahead of their Western peers in some areas of autonomousdriving,” he said. “And in a Chinese company, I can have a strong influenceover research and development.”

他说：“在某些自主驾驶领域，中国公司可能已经领先于西方同行。”“在一家中国公司，我可以对研究和发展产生强大的影响。”