有钱买不到幸福——全球福祉指数 [英国媒体]

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Measuring well-being

衡量福祉



【导读：随着全球经济增长的下行趋势，许多世界上最大的经济体并没有将经济增长转变到自己国家人民健康福祉上。美国波士顿咨询公司（Boston Consulting Group ，简称BCG）最新发布《2016经济可持续发展评估》报告，采用The SEDA, or SustainableEconomic Development Assessment分析各国的民生福祉指数( Well-Being)。在其调查的全球163个国家和地区中，挪威再次高居榜首，荷兰和芬兰紧随其后, 加拿大和美国分别位居第17和第19位, 中国则位居全世界第73位。另据统计，全球人口中有超过一半的人居住在经济可持续发展程度较差的国家中。
在这份名为《2016经济可持续发展评估》的报告中，波士顿咨询公司从经济、投资和可持续发展三个维度衡量了各国的福祉指数，具体指标则包括经济稳定、教育水平、收入平等、环境水平、社会包容度等13项。波士顿咨询公司称，此举意在编制一项衡量经济“福祉”的宽泛指标，使政策制定者不再仅仅通过GDP、通胀和失业率等传统指标来衡量国家的发展水平，这将有望对各国将GDP转化为居民福祉。这样很容易知道在全球范围内哪些国家是高和低标准。美国将财富和经济增长转化为福祉( Well-Being)的福祉改善指数低于全球标准(wealth-to-well-being)。
统计显示，在全球149个国家和地区的福祉排名中，挪威以100分的得分高居榜首。
总体来看，福祉指数较高的国家集聚在欧洲，而福祉指数较低的国家被非洲包揽。在经济福祉最高的10个国家中，有5个是北欧国家，挤进前二十的只有新加坡和香港是非欧美国家和地区，分别排名13和15。
中国此次排名73名，虽然只比去年上升了3名，但是福祉改善指数得分为97.5, 中国的福祉指数改善程度在所有国家中排名第二。报告称，中国近年来的经济增长方式有所进步，它正在使GDP的增长变得更加透明。报告还称，如中国、巴西、南非等国，当女性掌握更多的家庭经济大权时，孩子就会受益，因为会在食物和教育方面支出更多。】

HOW do you measure the well-being of a country’s citizens? Looking at wealthalone is clearly not enough: oil-rich states in the Middle East may have the highest levels of GDP per person yet they lag behind the West in terms of civilrights, education and a host of other quantifiable (and desirable) measures.Boston Consulting Group (BCG) attempts to answer this question with its “Sustainable Economic Development Assessment”(SEDA). This year’s report, published on July 21st,encompasses 163 countries or territories and looks at each country’s performance across three measures: economics, investment andsustainability. Economics is made up of income, stability and employment;investment comprises health, education and infrastructure; and sustainabilityincludes income inequality, civil society, government and environment.Altogether, BCG crunched nearly 50,000 data points.

你如何衡量一个国家公民的福祉？只看财富显然是不够的：中东的石油富国们虽然有世界最高水平的人均GDP，但在公民权利，教育，和很多量化（且先进的）标准方面他们远远落后于西方国家。波士顿咨询公司试图以“经济可持续发展评估”（SEDA）来回答这个问题。今年的报告发表于7月21日，涵盖了163个国家和地区，并依照经济，投资和永续性来评判每个国家的表现。经济包含收入，稳定性和就业；投资包含卫生，教育和基础设施；永续性则包括收入平等，公民社会，政府和环境。波士顿咨询公司共处理了近50000项数据。

The usual suspects occupy the top spots, with Norway reaching the maximum of 100 inthe normalised scoring system, as it has every year since SEDA was launched in 2012. It is followed by northern European states and other developed countries.Petro-states such as the United Arab Emirates and Qatar, two of the wealthiest countries in the world, come in at 25th and 26th respectively. The UnitedStates’ relatively poor standing at 19th reflects its high income inequality as well as its low health and education scores.

霸占榜首的常客挪威取得了评分系统的满分100分，自从该评价体系自2012年建立便年年如此。紧随其后的就是北欧诸国和其他发达国家。阿联酋、卡塔尔这两个最富有的石油国家，则分列第25和26名。美国因为其高度的收入不均和卫生、教育方面的低分而仅列第19位。

BCG also compared financial inclusion (the percentage of individuals aged 15 orover with a bank account) against each country’s SEDA score, revealing a clear relationship.The report's authors found that countries with higherfinancial inclusion generally had higher well-being than their peers at a similar income level. The relationship between financial inclusion andwell-being is most closely connected to good infrastructure (telecoms andelectricity), civil society (gender equality) and government (strong regulationand the rule of law).

波士顿咨询公司还对比了各国的金融普惠性（15岁以上拥有银行账户的人口比例）和可持续发展指数（福祉指数），揭示了二者间清晰的关系。报告的作者发现，在收入相似的国家中，越具有金融普惠性的国家通常福祉指数也越高。金融普惠性和福祉指数联系的最紧密的就是良好的基础设施（通信和电力），公民社会（性别平等）以及政府（强有力的法规以及法治社会）。


  

guest-snmojen Jul 23rd, 02:21
Itis not a coincidence that Iberians fared betterthanthe peoples they pillaged in the New World.
TheIberians' legacy are Museums, Castles, and Churches.
Itis not a coincidence that Anglos and the greatnationsthat they spawned fared equally over thecenturies.US, Canada, Australia and New Zealandareupstanding nations just as the UK.
TheAnglos' legacy are investments, innovation, technology, brands, Fair Play, atrue middle class(notBolsa Familia on the stipends dole one), andmorebalanced societies with higher GDP per capitathanthe Iberian ones.
Recommend 18

伊比利亚人（注：西班牙葡萄牙人）的表现比遭他们抢掠的新大陆居民更好不是一个偶然。
伊比利亚人的遗产是博物馆，城堡和教堂。
盎格鲁人（注：英裔白人）和他们在几个世纪中催生的伟大国家表现出平等公正也不是一个巧合。美国，加拿大，澳大利亚还有新西兰都是像英国一样正直的国家。
盎格鲁人的遗产是投资，创新，技术，品牌，公平竞争，真正的中产阶级（不是靠补贴救济的那种），比伊比利亚人后代的国家更高的人均GDP和更和谐的社会。

guest-ajawlnos in reply to guest-snmojen Jul 23rd, 12:35
The"Iberians" (Spain and Portugal I guess you meant to say...) leftanother legacy: people. The Anglo empire literally killed every singleindigenous in North America so as to repopulate the entire territory withEuropeans, including their traditions and living standards. Even though Spainconquered a 3 - time larger territory (which took us even less time than ittook the UK) by killing and and endless number of people, we did not establishour own culture in South America but rather managed to merge the two of them.You just need to go to South America and see what people look like over thereand compare it to EEUU and Canada. The same applies to Australia, and NewZealand. you keep you GDP per capita if you want, it's all yours.
Recommend 10

“伊比利亚”人（我猜你想说西班牙和葡萄牙人。。。）还留下了另一个遗产：人。英帝国几乎把所有北美的土着屠杀殆尽以便让欧洲人填补其中，包括他们的传统和生活标准。虽然西班牙靠屠杀不计其数的人口征服了3倍大的领土（我们花费的时间甚至少于英国），但我们没有在南美建立我们自己的文化，而是设法融合它们。你只需要去南美看看人们长什么样再与欧洲和加拿大对比就知道了。这同样适用于澳大利亚和新西兰。你乐意的话大可以保留你的人均GDP论，那是你们的事。

Readand Share Jul 22nd, 19:04
Theangst coming out of America must cast doubt on the validity of this map. Aswell, I suspect many non-western countries rank lower simply because "wellbeing" here is defined by western sensibilities and priorities -- andmeasured accordingly. Not terribly useful, or even pertinent.
Recommend 16

美国显露的担忧必须引起我们对这个图的有效性的怀疑。同时，我怀疑很多非西方国家的排名偏低单纯因为这里所谓的“幸福”是由西方的感受和优先考虑而定义的----并据此来加以衡量。这并不十分有用，甚至和幸福并无多少关联。

guest-ajawiwom Jul 22nd, 21:53
More propagandic bull-crap. Funny how the countries colored in green only consistsof the Western allies.
Recommend 7

更像是宣传机构的废话。可笑的是怎么绿色的国家只包括西方的盟国们。

1flybillionairein reply to guest-ajawiwom Jul 23rd, 03:38
It is funny. South Sudan and Mali should be at the top of the well being list weknow something is wrong when Norway is being praised! Damn western hypocrites!
Recommend 11

这很可笑。当我们称赞挪威的时候一定有什么地方搞错了，南苏丹和马里才应该在福祉榜的榜首！该死的西方伪君子们！

AngusCunningham Jul 22nd, 18:00
The SEDA map looks suspiciously like Anglo-Saxony plus where rich Anglo-Saxonsventure most.
Recommend 10

这个可持续发展的图看起来貌似盎格鲁萨克逊人的地方加上有钱的盎格鲁萨克逊人投资最多的地方。

WTEconomist Jul 22nd, 19:13
Life expectancy and the age adjusted death rate is a non-subjective stat that isless likely to be fudged. It stands in for a host of other things. Fora large share of Americans who followed in the wake of Generation Greed lifeexpectancy is going down. For others it has stopped going up. Suicide andsubstance abuse are the reasons, as reported here. Thatshows what's going on with well being.
Recommend 9

期望寿命和年龄调整后的死亡率是客观属性，不太可能被捏造。它代表了很多东西。 对多数美国人来说随着“贪婪的一代”到来预期寿命正在下降。对其余人来说预期寿命也不再增长。自杀和药物滥用是其中的原因，报道如是说。 这表明了福祉将要发生些什么。

Endorfin Jul 23rd, 01:40
Would the author kindly explain to the readers how French Guiana is rated +80 on theSEDA Well Being score, yet does not appear in the SEDA report?
Recommend 5

作者能不能帮个忙给我们读者解释一下怎么法属圭亚那的福祉得分在80分以上，却没有出现在这个报告上？

Calnetoin reply to Endorfin Jul 23rd, 04:06
itis not an independent country. Most likely it was assigned France's score
Recommend 7

法属圭亚那不是一个独立的国家。它最有可能被算入法国的得分中。