中国的传教士历史构成当代中加关系 [加拿大媒体]

-------------译者：龙巨侠-审核者：黎明晖烬------------



They left Canada in 1891 with dreams of bringing medicine and the Christian gospel to distant China and returned home decades later in the tumult of a Communist Revolution that smothered memories of what they had done.

1891年，为了向远方的中国带去医药以及基督福音的梦想，他们离开了加拿大。几十年后，当社会主义革命这掩盖他们过去功绩的运动如火如荼地进行时，他们又回到了家乡。

Now more than a century after a group of missionaries set out across the Pacific China is working to revive memories of a group who helped introduce Western dentistry to the country and trained generations of Chinese doctors including the personal physicians for Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek.

如今，在一群传教士横跨太平洋的一个多世纪后，中国正致力于唤醒对这些人的记忆。他们帮助这个国家引进了西方牙医学，并培养了几代中国医生，这其中就包括毛泽东和常凯申(滑稽)的私人医生。

Largely forgotten by both countries until the past few years – and once suppressed by Chinese leaders not keen to acknowledge the work of foreign faith workers – the history of the West China Mission is now being revived at the same time as the two countries seek to re-establish a “golden” era in cross-Pacific relations.

直至前几年这几乎被两个国家所遗忘——曾经因中国领导人不愿承认国外宗教人士的功绩而被抑制——在中国和加拿大两国寻求重建跨太平洋黄金时代的同时，这些中国西部传教士的历史也正被唤醒。

-------------译者：龙巨侠-审核者：黎明晖烬------------

It’s history as a tool for modern rapprochement.

这段历史成为了现代睦邻友好的工具。

“This is a story about the foundation of Canada-China relations” said Karen Minden who researched the mission for her book Bamboo Stone: The Evolution of a Chinese Medical Elite.

“这个故事是加中关系的基石。”Karen Minden，研究该使团书作《Bamboo Stone: The Evolution of a Chinese Medical Elite》的作者说。

In southwestern China’s Sichuan province a small museum holds photos of the long-ago mission some of which were recently exhibited in Toronto and are likely to be shown elsewhere in Canada later this year.

在中国西南的四川省，一个小博物馆珍藏着这个年代久远的使团照片，其中一些最近在多伦多展出，今年晚些时候可能会在加拿大的其他地方展览。

-------------译者：龙巨侠-审核者：黎明晖烬------------

State networks Sichuan Radio and Television and China Central Television meanwhile are preparing to air a lengthy documentary this summer in China less than a year after a pair of high-level visits between the two countrieskicked off a new attempt by the Trudeau government to generate warmer relations with the world’s second-largest economy.

国家网络渠道四川网络广播电视台和中央电视台同时准备在这个夏天播放一个长纪录片。而在不到一年之前，特鲁多政府加强与中国这个世界第二大经济体关系的意图，已由一次两国间的高规格互访拉开帷幕。

For many Chinese the most notable Canadian is Norman Bethune the doctor to Communist forces who Chairman Mao himself eulogized. But the Canadian missionaries – whose time in China overlapped with Dr. Bethune though they were larger in number and stayed much longer – were arguably more important documentary director Gao Song said.

对许多中国人来说，最着名的加拿大人就是诺尔曼白求恩了，毛主席还曾亲自歌颂了这个去了共军的医生。但是该纪录片的导演Gao Song说，这些与白求恩医生同一时期在中国的加拿大传教士可以说更为重要，他们人数更多且待得更久。

“Many people do not know much about this story but with the way its cultural legacy and influence remain even today it has actually touched more people than the Bethune story” he said. About 500 Canadian Methodist missionaries went to western China over the course of 60 years some devoted to evangelism others to medicine.

他说：“许多人并不太清楚这个故事，但以这种方式保留它的文化遗产和影响力，即便是在今天也确实比白求恩故事感动了更多的人。”大约有500位加拿大卫理公会传教士去了中国西部，在这60年中有些人致力于传播福音，其他的则献身于医学。


-------------译者：龙巨侠-审核者：黎明晖烬------------

skyofblue
3 days ago
How ironic that it would be he Chinese themselves who are keen to remember and honour those "volunteers" while here the approved proper attitude to them is scorn as "colonialists"...

讽刺的是，中国人他们自己热衷于纪念并尊重那些“志愿者”，而在这儿蔑视这些“殖民者”则被认为是正确的态度…

I hope the documentary gets shown in Canada it sounds fascinating but the chances are slim I'd guess...

我希望这个纪录片能在加拿大播放，这听起来让人着迷不过我觉得机会渺茫…

Sher-e-Hindustan
3 days ago
The "volunteers" did think of the locals as savages. They did come in to destroy the local culture and traditions by converting them into Christianity. And after becoming Christian they would still be second class citizens in their own country - not able to go to Western Christian clubs hotels neighbourhoods etc. This Apartheid like system existed in Hong Kong till the 1990s. They didn't even get the vote till 1993. And the only reason they got the vote is the British wanted to show they had promoted democracy before handing over Hong Kong to China in 1997.

这些“志愿者”确实是把原住民当做未开化的人。他们到那里通过把原住民皈依基督教来毁灭当地的文化传统，而在他们成为基督徒后在他们的国家仍是二等公民—不能去西方基督社团旅店街区等等。这种隔离制度直到上个世纪九十年代都一直存在于香港，原住民甚至在1993年之前都没有选举权。而他们被赋予投票权的唯一原因，则是大英在1997年把香港归还中国前展示他们促进民主的意图。-------------译者：yuchen-审核者：黎明晖烬------------

JusticeIs
2 days ago
Many Chinese particularly from the countryside who converted to Christianity experienced respect for the first time in their lives. That's why their descendants still are Christians. Dr. Hunter Corbett was an American missionary who married a Canadian woman who was so much loved that during the Boxer Rebellion he was spared from me murdered.

 很多中国人，尤其是来自乡村的中国人，因改信基督教而在他们的人生中第一次感受到尊重，因此他们的后代也依然是基督教徒。Dr. Hunter Corbett 是一个娶了加拿大女人为妻的美国传教士，他是如此地受爱戴，以致于他在义和团运动中免于被谋杀的命运。

2iconoclast
3 days ago
It's a good thing that missionaries introduced modern medicine and culture to other parts of the world but I don't believe such good deeds should be used as a means to convert people. Most of the new converts had no understanding of the Christian faith. They converted because of the material and medical benefits.

 传教士传播现代医药和文明到世界的各地是一件好事，但是我不认为应该将这些善行用来改变人们的信仰。大多数新皈依者对基督信仰没有理解。他们皈依只是因为物质和医药的利益。

Republic of Saturn
3 days ago
Another feel good propaganda. Except this author no Chinese have much interest in this kind of topic. Not many people are aware of Bethune these days let alone some obscure personal 100 years ago. Canada is associated with corrupted Chinese criminals and oversea property purchase from Chinese perspective not much else.

又另一个感觉良好的宣传。除了这个作者，没有其他中国人会对这类论题感兴趣。现在已没有多少人知道100年前的白求恩，更不用说其他陌生的个人。从中国的角度来看，加拿大除了与中国贪官和海外买房有些关系外，就没有别的了。

-------------译者：KopTsuki-审核者：黎明晖烬------------

JusticeIs
2 days ago
Not true. I spent twenty years in China and everywhere I went Norman Bethune is highly regarded. Many hundreds of millions of Chinese know Canada through Da Shan Mark Rowswell And many Chinese in the Chinese countryside whose great-grandparents were converted by Canadian missionaries still practice their faith.

 情况并不是这样。我在中国生活了二十年，在我所到之处白求恩都有着的高度评价。几亿中国人都通过大山（本名Mark Rowswell）了解了加拿大，不仅如此，在中国乡下有许多人自他们曾祖辈起便接受了加拿大传教士的传教，并且他们的信仰延续至今。

Tom Ato1
3 days ago
I would love to see the documentary directed by Mr. Gao brought and shown in Canada.
It sounds very interesting and I can't think how it would not bring Canada and China closer.

我很乐意见到加拿大引进并放映Gao导演的纪录片。
这听起来很有趣并且肯定会使加拿大与中国更加亲密。 

GHartwell
2 days ago
My family holds large portraits of a pair of the early volunteers who went to China in 1892 with the Methodists. My grandfather and grandmother Rev. and Mrs. George Hartwell. I would like to gift their portraits to Canada to gift to China for the museum honouring these early pioneers. I am George Hartwell M.Sc. of Mississauga.

我家里有描绘1892年与卫理公会教徒一同前往中国的一对早期志愿者的大型肖像画。他们就是我的祖父母George Hartwell夫妇，我乐意将这些肖像送出来让加拿大作为礼物赠与中国相关的博物馆以表彰这些先驱。我叫George Hartwell，理学硕士，来自米西索加（加拿大安大略省城市）。

-------------译者：KopTsuki-审核者：黎明晖烬------------

sirencall
3 days ago
Thanks for this story. When I was in China I was surprised pleasantly by how positive people were to Canada and that was largely through being taught about Bethune in their schools. Some propaganda no doubt as Bethune assisted the Communist military but whatever.

感谢您讲了这个故事。当我在中国时曾因他们对加拿大积极热情的态度而感到惊讶又愉悦，他们的这种态度大多来源于他们在学校中学习到的白求恩的事迹。毫无疑问这有点政治宣传的感觉，因为白求恩帮助过共产党军队，但这些都无所谓。

Was startled by The Harper Government's hostile (but ultimately obsequious) approach.

曾因Harper政府怀有敌意（最终却变为谄媚）的接近而感到震惊。

Much better to have Trudeau's friendly stance although of course caution is necessary too.

所以尽管仍需谨慎，Trudeau的友好立场相较之下就好很多了。

With America being led as it is China is becoming ever more important on the world stage.

在美国继续引领世界的同时中国也在世界的舞台上变得越来越重要。

-------------译者：mich-审核者：黎明晖烬------------

Brian Stubbings
2 days ago
Working with ESL students from China at a private secondary school in Regina I often ask them if they have heard of Dr. Norman Bethune. Of course they don't know his English name but when I show them his Chinese name they all know who he is. It's the same with the West China University and medical school where generations of Canadian Methodists (and after 1925 United Church) missionaries served the people of China. Those long established ties of friendship cut short by the Revolution were re-established after the death of Mao. Indeed many former missionaries and/or their children returned to China starting in the 1980's warmly welcomed back by friends known years before. The early missionaries went with the hope of converting the masses but also doing good works. Later missionaries were more involved in teaching healing the sick social service Bible translation and evangelism. The West China Mission left a legacy to be proud of for the most part.

我在贾纳一所民办中学教中国的ESL学生，我经常问他们是否听说过白求恩大夫。当然学生们一脸懵逼，但当我说出他的中国名字时，学生们恍然大悟。同样如此，在西华大学和医学院加拿大宗教信仰者世代在此担任传教士（1925年后的联合教会也如此）为中国人民服务。这些长期建立起来的友谊纽带被文化大革命中被切断了。但是在毛泽东去世之后重新又建立了起来。事实上，从1980年开始许多传教前驱和他们的孩子回到中国时，就像相识多年朋友被热烈欢迎着。早期的传教士到中国是为了改变基层人民的信仰和引人向善。后期传教士更多参与教学治病，社会服务，圣经翻译和传播福音工作。西方的中国传教团队留下的遗产是大部分是让人能够自豪的。

译者注：ESL（English as a Second Language，以英语为第二语言/外语）是针对母语非英语的并把英语作为第二语言的语言学习者的专业英文课程，是外国学生申请美国大学所必修的一门语言课程。通过参加ESL考试，考生不仅可以提高语言水平，还可以更加深入地了解英美国家的社会结构和文化等，使自己的语言水平达到能够顺利在美国学习、生活的水平。

 -------------译者：mich-审核者：黎明晖烬------------

bob adamson
3 days ago
Like so much in the history of social relationships especially relationships between groups separated by culture distance and history a complex interweaving of the open generous and progressive with the repressive and destructive exists and existed with missionary endeavors.
Rather than focussing excessively on across the board praise or condemnation of such endeavors would our efforts not be better focussed more on identifying beneficial aspects (and how such aspects can be better served in modern circumstances) and those that were retrograde (and how such folly can be avoided)?

在社会关系历史上是如此相似，特别是被文化，距离和历史分割开来的不同群体间的关系中，慷慨的开放和进步伴随着镇压和破坏存在，这些情况在传教事业中复杂交织。
过分地关注来自海外对传教行为的表扬或者谴责，让我们无法聚焦于总结经验教训和识别哪些是有利的方面（以及如何让它们可以更好地服务于现代环境)哪些是愚昧历史倒退的行为（以及该如何避免）？

BC Thoughts
3 days ago
Interesting that Christian missionaries did so much long lasting good work in China while current Canadian history tells us that in the same period Christian missionaries always did wicked things in residential schools.
Interesting when cultures go through periods of denying that foreigners helped them in any way.

有趣的是，基督传教士在中国做了很多美誉久传的事情。而同一时期的加拿大历史告诉我们他们在寄宿学校总干缺德事...
有意思的是有些国家会在一段时间内否认外国人帮助过自己。

 -------------译者：mich-审核者：黎明晖烬------------

Sher-e-Hindustan
3 days ago
The Germans helped the Jews quite a bit before the 1930s but you won't see the Jews being too thankful to the Germans.

德国人在30年代之前也帮了犹太人很多，但你从不会看到犹太人对德国人感恩。

JusticeIs
2 days ago
In reply to:
Interesting that Christian missionaries did so much long lasting good work in China while current Canadian history tells us that in the same period Christian missionaries always did wicked things...
— BC Thoughts
Well I know of no young Chinese boys or girls who were raped and abused by Christian missionaries in China but I do know that Christian clergy did rape and abuse young First Nations' boys and girls in residential schools. There was no legacy of lateral violence or children steeped in toxic stress in China as there is now in First Nations communities.

回复：有趣的是，基督传教士在中国做了很多美誉久传的事情。而同一时期的加拿大历史搞事我们他们总干缺德事...— BC Thoughts
嗯，我没听说传教士在中国强奸少男少女，但是我确实知道神职人员在寄宿学校强奸和虐待第一民族的年轻一代。
在中国孩子们并没有陷入迫害压力中或并没有横向暴力的遗留问题，
然而现在我们的原住民里正真实发生着。

译者注：第一民族(First Nations)是一个加拿大的种族名称，指的是在现今加拿大境内的北美洲原住民及其子孙也就是印地安人(Indian)。加拿大史上有追求同化原住民，强制把印第安人儿童送到寄宿学校“文化灭绝”最后只剩一半幸存的丑闻，加拿大的所有性贩运史中，其中受害者50％以上是原住民人，追究到底是植根于 贫穷，种族主义和虐待。

 -------------译者：wgj8391-审核者：黎明晖烬------------

JusticeIs
2 days ago
The China Inland Mission founded by Englishman James Hudson Taylor was multi-denominational Christian Mission which had many Canadian missionaries doing a lot of missionary work in China from 1872 until 1945. Aside from Norman Bethune the most famous Canadian in China is Mark Roswell known by hundreds of millions of Chinese by his stage name Da Shan (Big Mountain).. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's 'guanxi' (relationship) with the Chinese is exceptionally good. I know the old horse of human rights is always brought up by Canadians who have no idea how to deal with China other than China-bashing.

由戴德生（James Hudson Taylor）创建的中国内地会（China Inland Mission）是个多教派的基督教会，1872至1945年之间，加拿大传教士在中国做了大量的传教活动。除了白求恩（Norman Bethune），中国最着名的加拿大人是马克·罗斯韦尔（Mark Roswell），他的艺名“大山”被数亿中国人所熟知。（加拿大）总理贾斯廷·特鲁多与中国的关系非常好。我知道人权老梗总是被加拿大人提起，因为加拿大人除了知道抨击中国，根本不知道如何和中国相处。