中国投资正在改变马来西亚 [联合国媒体]

China investments transforming Malaysia

中国投资正在改变马来西亚



Although the influx of Chinese investments is only a recent phenomenon, these funds are bringing speedy changes to local industries and the economic landscape.

尽管中国资金流入马来西亚只是近期现象，这些资金正在迅速改变当地工业与经济面貌。

MALAYSIA’S economy is being transformed by huge and high-tech investments from China, with revolutionary changes seen in several sectors – particularly in manufacturing and construction.

随着中国不断向马来西亚投入巨额资金，马来西亚经济正在经历显着蜕变。尤其制造业和建筑业等部门正发生着革命性变化。

In manufacturing, Malaysia has become the world’s third largest solar cell manufacturer – after mainland China and Taiwan. It has also become a glass exporter – instead of importer – after China firms poured in billions into the sector last year.

制造业方面，马来西亚已成为世界第三大太阳能电池制造商——仅次于中国大陆和台湾地区。在中国企业向马来西亚玻璃制造业投资数十亿美元后，马来西亚也成为了最大的玻璃出口国——而不是进口国。

In construction, a Chinese contractor is using proven technology to build a tower in the Tun Razak Exchange at a faster rate of one floor every three days. This is among those contracts worth billions of US dollars clinched by Chinese builders in Malaysia.

建筑业方面，在顿拉扎克交易所工程中一名中国建筑承包商正以娴熟的技术以三天一层楼的速度建设高塔。这一项目是中国与马来西亚签署的数十亿美元建筑合同的一部分。

This change in industrial momentum and productivity, as well as the benefits to be derived from China-funded infrastructure projects, were highlighted by China’s Ambassador to Malaysia Dr Huang Huikang (pic).

马来西亚工业发展势头与生产力的变化以及中国投资基础设施带来的效益受到了中国驻马来西亚大使Huang Huikang的高度赞誉。（图片即为大使本人）

“Malaysia is able to bag the most benefits from China’s Belt and Road initiative. The country is gaining in economic growth, employment opportunities, opportunities to upgrade and transform its industries/economy,” said Huang, sporting a batik shirt at the Chinese Embassy in Kuala Lumpur, during an interview with Sunday Star.

“马来西亚能够从中国一路一带倡议中获得巨大收益。倡议将为该国带来经济增长，劳工就业以及提升并转型其工业/经济的机会。”穿着蜡染衬衫的 Huang在中国驻吉隆坡大使馆接受周日星报时表示。

He also said that China is buying Malaysia’s sovereign bonds in the open market on a daily basis, thus giving support to the ringgit. Below are excerpts of the interview:

他也提到中国正不断在国际市场购入马来西亚主权国债，这将给马来西亚货币林吉特以巨大支持。下面是采访的一些摘要：

Q: What could be the total value of foreign direct investment (FDI) from China to Malaysia this year?

问：今年中国向马来西亚投资总额(FDI) 达到了多少？

A: In the first six months of this year, our non-finance FDI totaled US$480mil (RM2bil), a rise of 6% over the value in January-June 2016. Our accumulated FDI in Malaysia as at end-June 2017 was US$3.38bil (RM14.19bil).

回：今年前六个月，中国对马非金融总投资总计4.8亿美元（人民币20亿元），比2016年同期增长了6%。中国对马累计投资总额到2017年6月底达到了33.8亿美元（人民币141.9亿元）。

> What is your projection on total bilateral trade volume this year?

计划今年双方贸易总额将达到多少？

Due to slower economic growth, fall in commodity prices, depreciation of the ringgit, etc, the value of China-Malaysia trade fell 10.7% to US$86.87bil last year. But this year, trade value has risen healthily after recovery in prices of major export items from Malaysia. In the first seven months of this year, China-Malaysia trade posted US$52.55bil or a rise of 14.8% over similar period last year. With efforts by both nations, we aim for the return of US$100bil in 2017.

由于经济增速放缓，大宗商品价格下跌以及林吉特贬值等因素，去年中马贸易总额减少10.7%到868.7亿美元。但今年随着马来西亚主要出口商品价格回升后，贸易总额也在积极健康增长。今年前7个月，中马贸易额报收525.5亿美元，与去年同比增长了14.8%。经过两国共同努力，2017年贸易额有望得到1000亿美元。

> What bilateral achievements have been made due to the close bilateral ties?

随着双边关系不断密切，两国合作取得了哪些成果？

We made five major achievements last year:

去年我们主要取得了5大合作成果。

1.China continued to be Malaysia’s largest trade partner for the eighth year in a row.

1.中国连续第八个年头成为马来西亚最大贸易伙伴。

2. China topped the FDI country list last year. It was the first time we surpassed the United States, Japan and Singapore in FDI value.

2.去年中国对马投资总额名列第一，首次超越了美国，日本和新加坡。

3. We surpassed Singapore to be the largest investor in Malaysia’s real estate.

3.我们超越新加坡成为了马来西亚最大的房地产投资方。

4. China continued to be one of the largest foreign contractors. Chinese corporations are contractors for many huge infrastructure projects.

4.中国继续保持了马来西亚最大外国项目承包商的地位。中国在很多大型基础设施项目上与马来西亚达成合作。

5. China ranked first in terms of visitor arrivals to Malaysia, after Singapore and Indonesia. Last year, we recorded 2.2 million tourist arrivals for the first time. Based on an average spending of RM5,000 per person, our people have contributed about RM11bil to the local economy. This year, we are looking at three million and a spending of about RM15bil. In the first half of 2017, we recorded 1.48 million tourist arrivals.

5.中国在游客访问马来西亚人数上位列第一，之后是新加坡和印尼。去年我们赴马来西亚游客人数首次达到220万人次。中国游客平均消费达到5000人民币，对当地旅游业贡献了110亿人民币的GDP。几年，中国游客有望达到300万人次，消费者达到150亿人民币。2017年前半年，中国已经创下了赴马148万旅游人次的新纪录。

Top notch: A Chinese contractor with high technical and engineering capabilities is able to build a tower in the Tun Razak Exchange at an impressive rate of one floor every three days. — FAIHAN GHANI/The Star.

Top notch: 一名拥有现今技术与工程建设能力的中国承包商正以令人难忘的速度在顿拉扎克建造一座高塔。

> What benefits has Malaysia gained from China’s Belt and Road initiative?

马来西亚能从中国一路一带倡议中收获什么？

With the entry of our corporations, Malaysia has become a new leader in certain sectors and there is significant improvement in some industries.
Take the example of the glass sector. In the past, Malaysia had to spend RM1.5bil per year to import glass. After investments by Kibing Glass Group and Xinyi Glass Holdings Ltd, Malaysia has become a glass exporter instead.

随着两国合作不断推进，马来西亚已经在特定产业部门中成为了新的领袖，一些行业也有了显着的提升。以玻璃制造业为例。过去马来西亚不得不每年花费15亿美元进口玻璃。随着旗滨玻璃集团和信义玻璃有限公司在马来西亚投资玻璃制造业后，马来西亚已经成为了玻璃出口国。

Another example is the solar cell sector. Two Chinese companies have invested in Penang and one in Sarawak. Malaysia has now become the third largest solar cell producer in the world, after mainland China and Taiwan.

另一个例子就是太阳能电池板制造业。两家中国公司已经分别在马来西亚槟榔屿和沙捞越投资了这一行业。马来西亚已经成为了仅次于中国大陆和台湾地区的第三大太阳能电池板制造商。

There is a high-tech textile factory in Johor Baru set up by the Chinese.
In the auto sector, there is a strategic partnership of Proton and Geely. And in the Digital Free Trade Zone (DFTZ) to help digitise your economy, Alibaba is the main partner.

新山市有一家中国人创立的高科技纺织厂。
汽车制造业方面，马来西亚与宝腾和吉利达成了战略合作协议。在数码自由贸易区，阿里巴巴也成为了帮助马来西亚经济数字化的主要伙伴。

In the oil and gas sector, the pipeline transporting oil products from Melaka to Jitra (in Kedah) is starting construction soon, after an agreement signing last November. The Government is looking at extending the pipeline and talks are being held on this extension.
In Sabah, there will be a multi-billon ringgit gas pipeline linking Sandakan to Kimanis.

在油气领域，11月中马签署合作协议后，马六甲至日得拉输油管道即将开建。为延长预建的输油管道长度，中马会谈受到延迟。马来西亚沙巴州将开建价值数十亿林吉特的山打根至金马利输油管道。

I have inspected these companies in February and March. They are producing tangible results.
Over the last three years, China’s actual investment in real estate was at US$2.1bil (RM8.9bil), surpassing US$1bil (RM4.3bil) by Singapore.

二月三月间我已视察过这些企业。他们正在产生切实效益。
过去3年，中国对马房地产投资总额达到21亿美元（89亿人民币），超过新加坡的10亿美元（43亿人民币）。

> Is China still supporting the ringgit by buying our sovereign bonds?
中国仍会通过购买马来西亚主权国债支持林吉特吗？

During his visit to Malaysia in late 2015, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang said China would help to support the Malaysian economy. We carried out measures such as granting a 50-billion yuan quota to Malaysia under the Renminbi-Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor programme and buying Malaysian government bonds in line with market rules. He also called for more joint efforts to stabilise financial markets and boost investment and trade cooperation to tackle global financial instability and other economic woes. Following his statement, the ringgit strengthened.

2015年中国总理到访马来西亚期间，总理表示中国将继续支持马来西亚经济。在人民币合格境外机构投资者计划下，中国将向马来西亚提供500亿人民币投资配额，并在市场规则下购买马来西亚国债。他也呼吁各方共同努力稳定金融市场，促进投资与贸易合作，以应对全球金融动荡和其他经济困境。总理表态后，林吉特应声上涨。

> There is some local opposition towards China’s investments as Chinese firms are not dishing out contracts to local players. What is your view?

一些当地反对派以中国公司没有雇佣当地员工反对中国投资。您有什么看法？

Chinese corporations are here to create win-win collaborations for both countries. There is no issue of taking away the “rice bowls” of locals. In fact, every Chinese project brings employment opportunities and economic growth.

中国企业为两国带来了双赢。并没有夺走当地人的工作。事实上中国工程已经为当地带来了大量工作机会和经济增长。

I have inspected 12 China investment projects in Malaysia in March. There are localisation measures in place to fulfil the development strategies of both countries.

3月份我已经视察了12个中国投资项目。各个项目都采取了恰当的本土化措施以适应两国发展战略。

Apart from business development, Chinese corporations also emphasise on social responsibility. Investment from China is bringing mutual benefits. I hope people here will not politicise Chinese investments in Malaysia.

除了促进商业发展外，中国企业也强调社会责任。来在中国的投资给双方带来了共同利益。我希望马来西亚人不要政治化中国投资。

> Some of the largest foreign contractors in Malaysia are Chinese. Does it mean they have deprived local players of opportunities?

马来西亚最大的外国工程承包商中是中国人。这是否意味着他们剥夺了当地企业的机会？

Chinese corporations are undertaking mega projects that local firms are not capable of doing, as they need world-class technical requirement. These corporations are world-class top players, with sophisticated technical expertise.

中国企业承担了当地企业无法承担的大型项目，这些项目建设要求拥有世界级工程技术。这些中国企业也是拥有尖端技术的世界级公司。

You can see in two examples. Penang’s second bridge, an excellent model for the construction of bridges, is showcasing high standard of expertise. Malaysian firms have yet to reach such level.

有两个例子可以证明。槟城第二大桥建设工程使桥梁建设领域的典范，显示了高水准的专业知识。马来西亚公司还未达到这一水准。

In the construction of Tun Razak Exchange (TRX), our Chinese company is able to complete one storey in three days. In comparison, the Petronas Twin Towers constructed by the Koreans and Japanese in the 1990s saw one storey per month.
These are difficult jobs that require high technical and engineering capabilities.

顿拉扎克交易所工程建设中，中国公司能以三天一层楼的速度建设项目。相比较，90年代由韩国和日本承建的马来西亚国家石油公司高塔项目建设速度也只有一月一层。工程中的很多难题需要建设方拥有高超的工程技术能力。

But for most other mega projects, there are jobs that can involve the local contractors. In the case of East Coast Rail Link (ECRL), Prime Minister (Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak) has announced that at least 30% of the civil engineering work will be awarded to local contractors. The electrified double-tracking railway line linking Gemas with Johor Baru will see 50% of the civil construction works awarded to local players.

大部分大型工程中都有当地承包商参与。东海岸铁路项目中，马来西亚总理纳吉布宣布至少30%的土木工程将由当地承包商完成。连接金马士与柔佛的电气化复线铁路50%的工程也将由当地承包商完成。

For some of the projects awarded to Chinese contractors, China also provides financing. The ECRL is one of those. Soft loans will be provided at low interest rates. We bring our money to work in Malaysia.
For projects which locals are capable of undertaking, Chinese enterprises may not have the competitive edge against them.

一些由中国承包商承建的工程中，中国也提供了金融援助。东海岸铁路项目就是其中之一。向马来西亚提供的软贷款利率极低。中国向马来西亚投资是为了与马来西亚一起努力改变马来西亚经济面貌。
一些当地企业有能力承担的项目，中国企业没有与他们竞争。

> Some experts say the RM55bil cost of the ECRL is too high. Any explanation from China?

一些专家表示东海岸铁路项目550亿美元的成本过高。中国对此有什么解释吗？
The cost of construction is not high. There are two reasons:

这一过程成本并不高。主要有两大原因：

From Gombak to Kuantan, an 18km-tunnel to cut through Peninsular Malaysia’s Titiwangsa Mountain range needs to be built. The tunnel will be the longest in Malaysia and will be completed within six years. The whole railway will be completed in seven years. It took the Swiss 20 years to complete a similar tunnel.

从甘柏至关丹，需要修建一条18公里穿越马来半岛蒂蒂旺沙山脉的穿山隧道。这一马来西亚最长隧道工程建在6年后完工。全部铁路将在6年后完工。完成类似隧道建设瑞士要花20年。

Secondly, from Kuantan to Terengganu and Kelantan, the railway will be built along the coastal line. More than 30% of the railway will need viaducts to be elevated due to soft clay ground.

从关丹到登嘉楼和吉兰丹的铁路线将沿着海岸线建设。由于地质较软，超过30%的铁路线将建在高架桥上。

This is not an easy project, as the construction and the engineering of geological condition is very complicated. Viaduct and tunnel will take up 30% of the 600km railways.

这一工程并不简单，工程建设的地质条件非常复杂。高架桥和隧道总长将占600公里铁路线的30%。

> With many parties showing interest in bidding for the RM70bil KL-Singapore High Speed Railway, what is the chance for China?

有许多人表现出对价值700亿的吉隆坡-新加坡高速铁路招投标兴趣。中国有机会获得这一项目吗？

China has a strong chance to win. Chinese corporations will be the most competitive as we will give the best terms. I have said before, 10 years to build the railway is too long, five years is enough. China has capabilities to finish it in five years.

中国有很大的机会赢得这一项目。能提供最优惠条件的中国公司将最具竞争力。我之前说过了，10年造一条铁路耗时太长，5年足够了。中国有能力5年内完成这一工程。

> What do you think of the Malaysian economy?

你对马来西亚经济发展有什么看法？

Early this year, I publicly made some optimistic predictions. I said the local economy this year would grow faster than 4.5% and the ringgit would appreciate by 5% to 8%. These predictions have come true. The key takeaway is that China has confidence in Malaysian economy, so Malaysians should have confidence in their economy, too.

今年早前，我公开发表了对马来西亚经济的乐观预测。我认为今年马来西亚经济增速将达到4.5%，林吉特也将上涨5%-8%。这项预测已经成为现实。关键转变在于中国对马来西亚经济有了信心，所以马来人也该对马来西亚经济有信心。