将城市变成海绵：如何用中国古代智慧应对气候变化 [英国媒体]

-------------译者：voejuinphone-审核者：hht288------------



How does a city cope with extreme weather? These days urban planning that doesn’t factor in some sort of catastrophic weather event is like trying to build something in a fictional utopia. For Kongjian Yu one of the world’s leading landscape architects the answer to coping with extreme weather events actually lies in the past.

一个城市该如何应对极端气候呢？这些天，中国某个城市计划在不考虑某些极端天气下，尝试修筑个梦幻般的乌托邦。全球顶尖景观设计师之一的俞孔坚表示，应对极端天气的成功对策其实在过去就已被提出了。

Yu is the founder and dean of the school of landscape architecture at Peking University founding director of architectural firm Turenscape and famous for being the man who reintroduced ancient Chinese water systems to modern design. In the process he has transformed some of China’s most industrialised cities into standard bearers of green architecture.

俞孔坚是北京大学景观建筑学院的奠基人和院长，土人设计公司的创始董事，他出名在于他借鉴中国古代供水系统并将其引入现代设计中。在这过程中，他将中国一些工业化最严重的城市改造成了绿色建筑的领军倡导城市。

Yu’s designs aim to build resilience in cities faced with rising sea levels droughts floods and so-called “once in a lifetime” storms. At 53 he is best known for his “sponge cities” which use soft material and terraces to capture water which can then be extracted for use rather than the usual concrete and steel materials which do not absorb water. 

俞孔坚的设计旨在增强这些城市抵御不断上升的海平面风险、干旱、洪涝和所谓的“一生难得一见”的暴风雨的能力。53岁时，他最为人知的是他的“海绵城市”概念，海绵城市利用软材料和梯田去吸收水分随后提取出水分来供使用，而不用不吸水不透水的传统材料水泥和钢材来做。

European methods of designing cities involve drainage pipelines which cannot cope with monsoonal rain. But the Chinese government has now adopted sponge cities as an urban planning and eco-city template.

欧洲设计城市的方案中会用到排水管道系统，但这种系统无法应对季风雨。相比而言，中国政府现已采取了这种海绵城市作为城市规划和生态城市建设的模板。



Yu spoke in Melbourne on Tuesday at a symposium on water-conscious design held as part of Melbourne Design Week at the National Gallery of Victoria. Speaking to Guardian Australia ahead of his appearance Yu who is based in Beijing explained the key benefit of sponge cities is the ability to reuse water. “The water captured by the sponge can be used for irrigation for recharging the aquifer for cleansing the soil and for productive use” Yu said.

周二，俞孔坚在墨尔本召开的关于水意识设计的学术研讨会上发表了讲话，该研讨会为维多利亚国家美术馆“墨尔本设计周”活动的一部分。在出席之前他接受了澳大利亚版《卫报》的采访，身在北京的他解释了海绵城市的主要优点就在于其能再利用水资源。俞说：”‘海绵’抓取到的水源可用于灌溉、重新注满地下蓄水层、净化土壤和其他生产性用途”。

“In China we retain storm water and reuse it. Even as individual families and houses we collect storm water on [the] rooftop and use the balcony to irrigate the vegetable garden.”

“在中国，我们储存并再利用雨水。即使是普通人家，人们也会从屋顶和阳台上收集雨水，用这水去灌溉后院或种在花园里的蔬菜。”

When it comes to water the mottos of the sponge city are: “Retain adapt slow down and reuse.”

谈及水，海绵城市的座右铭是：“储存、适应、减缓和再利用。”

His firm now has 600 employees and works across 200 cities in China. The firm has completed more than 600 projects and won a swag of major architecture and design awards.

他的公司目前有600名员工，分布于中国200多个城市中。土人设计公司完成了600多个项目或工程，囊括了许多大型的建筑设计大奖项。

-------------译者：毛雪乃-审核者：hht288------------

The strategies Yu uses are “based on peasant farming techniques adapting peasant irrigation systems to urban environments and experience in adapting buildings to a monsoon climate”.

俞孔坚所用的策略“基于农户耕种技术，将农业灌溉系统与城市环境互相配合，并结合了令建筑适应季风气候的设计经验。”
 
The first strategy – “based on thousands of years of Chinese wisdom” – is to “contain water at the origin when the rain falls from the sky on the ground. We have to keep the water”.

其首要策略——“基于中国千年的传统智慧”——是“就地吸收降水。我们必须把水存住。”
 
“In China there is a shortage of fresh water” Yu says. “China has only 8% of fresh water of the world and feeds 20% of the population – so any fresh water from the sky will need to be kept in an aquifer.”

俞孔坚说，“中国现在缺乏淡水。中国要以仅占世界8%的淡水来养活20%的世界人口，所以任何降水都得储存在地下蓄水层里。”



Yu who grew up on a farm and later studied architecture at Harvard understands the need to be water conscious. “The ability to regulate water year-round in dry season is a very critical strategy for the people to survive.

俞孔坚成长于农家，随后前往哈佛大学攻读建筑学，他深知水资源意识之重要。“水资源的全年调配能力在旱季对维持人的生存至关重要。”
 
“One thing I learned is to slow down the process of drainage. All the modern industrial techniques and engineering solution is to drain water away after the flood as fast of possible. So modern tech is to speed up the drainage but ancient wisdom which has adapted in the monsoonal season was to slow down the drainage so the water will not be destructive anymore. By slowing the water it can nurture the habitat and biodiversity.”

“我学到的一点就是：排水要慢。现代所有的工业技术和工程解决方案都是为了能在洪水过后尽快排水。然而在现代技术加速排水时，适合于季风气候的古代智慧却要求减慢排水以防水资源有任何损失。缓慢排水可滋养生物多样性及其栖息地。”
 
For Australia and places where water is scarce: “When it’s dry keep the water on the ground in an aquifer so it will not evaporate too much.”

对于像澳大利亚这类缺水的地区，他建议：“干旱时，将水储存在地下蓄水层中，这样能减少水的蒸发。”
 
Adaptation to drought conditions is also important: using as little water as possible and recycling what there is.

干旱适应措施也很重要：尽可能少用水并循环利用水。

As Yu says it’s important to “make friends with water”. “We don’t use concrete or hard engineering we use terraces learned from ancient peasantry wisdom. We irrigate. Then the city will be floodable and will survive during the flood. We can remove concrete and make a water protection system a living system.”

正如俞孔坚所说，“与水为友”尤为重要。“我们不用混凝土或者强硬的工程手段，我们借鉴古代农民的智慧，使用阶地来控水。我们灌溉城市，从而城市可浸湿吸水，无惧洪灾。我们将建立一个水质保护系统，一个生命系统来取代混凝土以涵养水源。”
（译注：生命系统自然系统的最高级形式，是指能独立与其所处的环境进行物质与能量交换，并在此基础上实现内部的有序性、发展与繁殖的系统。）


-------------译者：voejuinphone-审核者：于陵留洋------------

orothy Kouris 3h ago 
Wonderful concept to use in today's challenging climate. Ancient Chinese wisdom to the rescue. Well done Mr Kongjian Yu.

应对气候挑战，这是一个多么棒的概想，中国古代人的智慧拯救了我们，做得好俞孔坚。

sandra kirby 3h ago
As the world's driest continent wouldn't it be wonderful if Australia had a progressive visionary and inventive Government which would run with fresh ideas such as this?

他们的政府敢于尝试这种新颖的举措，作为世界上最干旱的大陆，澳大利亚要是也能有这种进步的、有远见的和有创造力的政府就好了，不是吗？

photographofgeorge  sandra kirby 2h ago 
That's the thing.

那是一回事。

China's new economic policy as announced by Xi Jinping:
1) A change from high speed growth to mid speed.
2) An upgrade of the economic structure.
3) A move from materials and investment driven to an innovation driven economy.

习近平颁布的中国新经济政策：
1）从高速增长转变为中高速增长
2）经济结构转型升级
3）从要素驱动和投资驱动，转向创新驱动经济

Chinese are being encouraged to dream and genuinely innovate. Einstein would agree so would Tesla and even Edison. By reducing the use of materials through sensible high technology it means products can be value added and some very advances low energy systems can be developed. Win-win.

中国人民被鼓励去梦想和真正创新。爱因斯坦、特斯拉甚至是爱迪生在世，都会赞同中国这种观念。通过明智的高科技，来减少资源的使用，这意味着产品附加值提高，可以发展出先进低能耗的系统。双赢的事啊。

photographofgeorge  viewfromtheswamp 2h ago
I think it will be the same with Snowy Hydro 2.0

我认为它最后会和雪水发电项目2.0（澳大利亚的国家建筑计划）的发展趋势一样。

It simply does not answer to the call of genuine innovation nor economically sensible at a time when renewable alternatives are lowering in cost something that will continue. More localised systems would be far better than a grandiose white elephant that will take years to build

在可再生替代资源成本越来越低廉并将持续低廉的情况下，既不能说这（概念）是真正的创新，也不能说它是一种经济的明智之选。建设更多的本地化系统，比修建那些花费好多年的无用建筑要好太多了。

I note the new clowns in SA are planning for coal fired power to come from NSW of all places. Madness. Their tactics become more about destroying anything that Labor implements or if they have to go along with it like in Gonski or the NDIS we get the ersatz version. On the cheap and fake.
Dumb is as dumb does I suppose.

我注意到那些在南澳的新小丑们计划从新南威尔士开始让（澳大利亚）所有的州都用燃煤发电，这简直是愚蠢至极。他们这群右翼小丑，他们的策略变得越发像是要摧毁工党实施的一切事物一样，要么他们如果是想走贡斯基和全国残障保险项目的老路，那我们又被骗了，他们策略廉价且是虚假的。我想还真是蠢人做蠢事啊。

The problem with Australia and the USA is that we see saw between the obvious benefit of renewables to total support for coal by the Liberal or Republican governments. A lot of time is wasted on smashing down good ideas simply on the basis of party politics. We had a great example of this under Abbott the wrecking ball but it is not any better with Turnbull.
Meanwhile China just gets on with it.

澳大利亚和美国的问题是，我们可以看到自由党和共和党政府，在面对可再生资源明显的好处和全面支持煤炭之间的拉锯状态。因为政党之间的政治偏见就粗暴地将好主意粉碎掉，为此我们浪费了许多时间。在托尼·阿博特（Tony Abbott）任职期间，我们在这方面上有个很好的例子，但马尔科姆·特恩布尔（Malcolm Turnbull）接任后情况就大不如以前了。而与此同时，中国在这方面却大获成功。

Jaspurrrrrring  photographofgeorge 54m ago 
You can't have innovation in a society which from birth tells you how to think and how to act.

在这个从你一出生，就灌输你该怎么想该怎么做的社会中，你是难以做出创新的。

photographofgeorge  Jaspurrrrrring 41m ago
What that tells me is that you have not studied modern China much at all and you are fixated on the politics through what you read in Australian media apart from articles like this one.

你说的让我知道你根本一丁点都没有研究过现代的中国，你绝对是那种只关注从澳媒看到的文章听到的新闻就断章取义的人。

photographofgeorge  Jaspurrrrrring 20m ago 
Do you realise China is a mix of communism and capitalism?

你难道没意识到中国其实是共产主义和资本主义的混合体吗？

-------------译者：yuebob-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

chungo mung 3h ago
In the small city I ive in old creeks and natural waterways were historically cemented to be made permanent and increase the flow of water to assist with draining. We are now seeing more of a movement toward allowing these natural watercourses to function and be.... more natural. It reverts these veins of ecosystem through the city back to life and allows them function as they used to - where possible. They also look less stark and in the cases I have seen - function just as well (or better when you consider the above-mentioned benefots of slowing drainage down).

在我居住的这个小城市里，历史上古老的小溪和天然形成的河道就被永久加固了，并增加了水的流动来帮助排水。现在我们看到了更多的发展趋势，允许这些天然水道能更....自然地发挥作用。它能让城市的生态系统恢复生机，并在可能的情况下让它们像以前一样正常运转。它们看起来也不那么荒凉了，在我所见过的例子中——它们的功能也一样好（或者更好，当你考虑到上面提到的减缓排水的好处时）。

The largest most dominant and effective overall system on the planet is nature. It would seem to me to be intuitively sensible to utilise as many of natures naturally occurring systems - often exactly as they are - in our own functional spaces that we develop.

地球上最强大最有效的系统是自然。在我们发展出的功能空间中，尽可能多地——通常是完全一样地——利用天然形成的系统，在我看来是非常明智的。

BradKB  chungo mung 3h ago
Well said!
Humans have undone in a century or 2 what it's taken nature millions of years to perfect.

说得好！人类在一、两个世纪的时间里，已经彻底解决了大自然需要数百万年才能做得完美的事情。

bewilderedpenguin 3h ago
First thing I’ve read/heard in ages that makes me feel slightly hopeful about the future. Great stuff. Get this on the front pages everywhere.

这是多年来我了解到的令我对未来感到些许希望的第一件事。很伟大的概念。让它上所有的头版。

Paul Felix 3h ago
Interesting as a concept more interesting as a reality.

有趣的概念，更有趣的现实。

Years ago (late 1970s) Mt Newman Mining then the largest iron ore mine in the world managed by BHP realized the aquifer they were drawing water from had fallen more than a meter. A whole of enterprise initiative was started.

若干年前（1970年代末），当时由必和必拓公司管理，是世界上最大的铁矿石生产商的纽曼矿业公司(Mtnewman Mining)意识到他们抽取水源的地下蓄水层其水位已下降了一米多。那时一个完整的企业计划就开始启动了。

An appropriate right to water was determined for residents and any use above that was charged at an increasing rate to full cost recovery. It was the first time in Australia people were charged for water use but only for excessive water.

他们为居民确定了适当的用水量，当超过这个量的时候，将不断提高用水费用以收回全部成本。这是澳大利亚第一次向人们收取用水费，但只对过量用水的情况收费。

A tertiary sewerage treatment plant was built and the treated water was used for the sporting fields and orchard.

建造了一个三级污水处理厂，并将处理过的水用于运动场和果园。

Most interesting was a dam was built across the Fortesque River. It was 10kms long and on average 10 mts high. It was located to maximize capture and minimize damage. There was a full environmental audit carried out on the flora and fauna. Channels were built from the dam to areas of high infiltration. Amazingly there was rain a little time after the dam was complete and the dam filled - 100+ square kilometers of water.

最有趣的是在福特斯库河对岸修建了一座水坝，10公里长，平均10米高。它坐落于此是为了最大化控制和最小化降低损害。人们对动植物群进行了全面的环境审计，从大坝到高渗透性地区都修建了水渠。令人惊讶的是，大坝建成后不久就下起了雨，很快大坝就填满了100多平方公里的水。

The intention was never to store the water in the dam but to let the sediment settle and then run the "clear" water through the channels to the infiltration areas to recharge the aquifer.

他们的目的不是把水储存在大坝里，而是让沉淀物沉淀下来，然后通过水渠把“清澈”的水注入渗透区域以补充地下蓄水层。

The metering bores down stream of the infiltration areas showed a 1 mt high wave of water 50 mts below the ground. The aquifer was recharged after that first summer rain.

在渗透性区域内的测量钻孔显示在地下50米深处有一米高的水层。在那第一场夏雨后，地下蓄水层就被重新注满了。

This was not done as a PR exercise it cost a few millions in 1979 but so the downstream users were not disadvantaged by the mining operations.

这并不只是一种公关活动，它在1979年花费了几百万美元，但下游住户并没有因为采矿作业而处于不利地位。

There were also wind generators used in the isolated camps for power generation.

在偏远的营地里也有用于发电的风力发电机。

That was the late 1970's sadly much has changed since then.

但那是1970年代末的事情了，很遗憾，自那以后情况发生了很大的变化。

buzzball 3h ago
Lets hope we can take a" leaf "out of this brilliant mans book!! Forward thinking & planning are not a concept in Australia but it may soon be

希望我们能仔细“翻看”效仿这个男人所着书中的绝妙“概念”！！在澳大利亚，前瞻性思维和提前规划不是一种理念，但可能很快就是了。

-------------译者：维以-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

photographofgeorge 2h ago
Another example of Chinese innovation as Xi Jinping focuses on an economy based on genuine innovation rather than resources and investment. In every case innovation has been the vehicle that has advanced every 'economy' since stone age times.

自中国主席着眼于创新驱动经济而非要素驱动和投资驱动经济后，又一个展示中国创新的绝佳例子。自石器时代以来，在任何情况下创新都是推动每个“经济”发展的工具。

What a brilliant system that could in its own way be adapted to water storage projects in Australia where we drastically need it especially as climate change produces new drought stricken regions.

这是一个多么了不起的系统啊，尤其是在气候变化产生新的干旱地区时，能以自己的方式适用于澳大利亚急需的蓄水工程项目。

“China has only 8% of fresh water of the world and feeds 20% of the population – so any fresh water from the sky will need to be kept in an aquifer.”

“中国要以仅占世界8%的淡水来养活20%的世界人口，所以任何降水都得储存在地下蓄水层里。”

Despite the communist government and the erroneous attitudes to China's outward push which we are encouraged to fear as aggression in this country by our federal government China makes massive progress while much of the West dilly dallies and fights especially in Australia and the USA. Environment and renewable energy is now at the top of the agenda in China.

尽管中国是共产主义政府，且联邦政府鼓励我们应将中国的对外扩张视为侵略的错误态度，中国在这方面上取得了巨大进步，而于此同时大多数西方国家总是不认真对待争吵不断，尤其是澳大利亚和美国。环境和可再生能源现在是中国的首要议程。

I know of only 'water harvesting' in Australia but it is not used enough nor does it serve as an aquifer that can be used to store drinkable and other use water.

我知道澳大利亚只有“集水”，但那些水没有被充分利用，且不能用作储存饮用水和其他用水的蓄水层。

Erasme 2h ago
Some wise advice from China.

一些来自中国的明智建议。

HistoryHacker 2h ago
China is poorly understood. Politically it is difficult. While the western democracies work on systems based on property China traditionally functioned mostly on commons. Villages did so and the very geography of a village constituted the economic and spiritual world of its inhabitants. Confucius took the rapport man-nature and expanded it meshing it with the concept of "mandate" of heaven emperor's business. It was but a form of administration at state level where the conditions of the 'local' were to become the basis of sustainable relations at national level. Much of its history was shaped by foreign invasions the Turco-Mongol the Xiongnu and waves and waves of Turks kept coming from the 5th century BC to mid 19th century AD. And the British and the hordes of westerners and the Japanese devils...

对中国了解甚少。从政治层面讲这很困难。西方民主国家在以私人财产为基础的体系下运作，而中国传统上多数是以公共财产为基础而运作。村庄就是这样，村庄的地理构成了其村民的经济和精神世界。孔子将人与自然的关系融为一体并扩展，与皇帝”天命“的概念联系起来。这只不过是国家层面的一种管理形式，即“地方”的条件将会在国家层面上成为可持续关系的基础。其历史大部分由外来侵略者塑造，从公元前5世纪到19世纪中期，突厥人、匈奴和一波又一波的土耳其人不断入侵。还有英国人、一大群西方人和该死的日本鬼子.....

Sponging is yet another form of showing that China is managing managing in the sense that it discerns necessities and addresses them in this case water. Am I scared by Xi's 'grabbing' power? Not so much. It seems that the 'mandate' is a powerful notion westerners don't quite understand for the mandate must be met with results. When it is not the mandate is called and management is given to someone else; all an issue of balance and results. Much can be opined but without space to further elaborate and expound on the amazing capacity of the Chinese to invent and resolve problems I fear my words will be attacked by the ones who are not equipped to discuss China. I greatly appreciate China and yet I loath the times when Chinese "intellectuals" are surprised and not really pleased that I command a greater understanding and historical conscience than they have about their very own great country China.

“海绵”是中国的另一种管理形式，从某种意义上来说，就是察觉出这些需求并将其解决，在本文的情况下那就是指“水”。我被X大大手中的权力吓到了吗？没那么夸张。看来“天命”是西方人不太理解的强大概念，因为“天命”必须要有成果。如果没有成果，天命就得将管理权交给别人。这些都是关于平衡和成果的问题。我还有很多观点能说，但没有余地能进一步详尽阐述中国人在发明和解决问题上的惊人能力，我担心我的言论会受到那些没资格讨论中国的人的攻击。我非常欣赏中国，但当我展示出比那些“知识分子”还要透彻的见解和历史良知时，他们很惊讶对此很是不高兴，然后我也会不开心。中国，一个伟大的国家。

photographofgeorge HistoryHacker 54m ago
I agree entirely and it is great to see you voice your well researched opinion historically as much as today. Unfortunately in Australia through the efforts of our government and the ABC we are generally ill informed about China and the focus is always on the communist government and conveying a view that China is some sort of belligerent aggressor seeking world dominance through the military action. Not so. Even in the South China Sea. We unfortunately fall down due to accepting the Trump and Obama view.

我完全赞同，很高兴看到你像今天这样在历史层面上发表了你经过深入研究的观点。不幸的是，在澳大利亚，因政府和澳大利亚广播公司（ABC）的大力宣传，我们一般不了解中国，总是把目光聚焦在共产党政府，认为中国是通过军事行动谋求世界主导地位的好战侵略者。它不是这样的。甚至在中国南海问题上，中国也不是这样的。不幸的是，我们因接受了特朗普和奥巴马的观点而失败了。

-------------译者：yuebob-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Joshua Tree 5d ago
The reason they can do this is no one stands in their way.Try that here or in America and you will be tide up in knots for years by administrators and public servants.

中国之所以能做到这一点，是因为没有人阻挡他们前进的脚步。若你想在美国还是在这里尝试下那么做，你会好几年都被行政人员和公务员给缠住不放搞得精疲力尽的。

They talk about big brother .........boy!!! take it from me we cop more government control than the Chinese.

他们还谈到了“老大哥”（译者按：英国小说<1984>中的独裁者）...天哪！！！相信我，我们比中国人更能控制政府。

That's why stuff gets done over there.
Pollution in the large cites like GuangzhouShanghai and Beijing is horrific but some of the lower prefecture cities in China would take your breath away in comparison to our large cities.

这就是为什么在那里事情能办成的原因。像广州、上海和北京这样的大城市，污染是非常严重的。但是与我们的大城市相比，中国一些较低级别的县城也会让你喘不过气来。

photographofgeorge  Joshua Tree 5d ago
"They talk about big brother .........boy!!! take it from me we cop more government control than the Chinese."

“他们还谈到了‘老大哥’...天哪！！！相信我，我们比中国人更能控制政府。”（引用网友Joshua Tree的话）

That is an interesting philosophical point to mention. The West seems to be caught up in a conflict of ideas especially in politics which causes a lot of destruction and recreation - it's a kind of war. We are told we have freedom but it is becoming far more constrained by laws and red tape. Ironically our governments also become more controlling of thought and opinion and censoring the news are becoming less accountable and shutting down transparency as we see on the ABC. Democracy becomes compromised and riddled with corruption.

这是一个有趣的哲学观点。西方似乎陷入了一场思想冲突，尤其是在政治中，这造成了大量的破坏和重建——这已经变成一场战争。我们被告知我们有自由，但受法律和繁文缛节的限制（我们的自由）被限制住了。讽刺的是，我们的政府在思想和意见上控制欲也变得更强，审查新闻变得越来越不负责，透明度进一步降低，正如我们在新闻上（ABC）看到的那样。民主受到损害，腐败盛行。

Outdoor Thor  Joshua Tree 5d ago
Stuff gets done when government wants it. The local governors and mayors can set local regulations and are able to delivert tens of millions of yuan into pet projects.

当政府想要干的时候，事情就能完成。地方官员和市长们可以制定地方法规，然后就能将数千万元的资金投入到他们拿手的（形象）工程中去。

dcdarling 5d ago
In October several neighborhoods in my small city were utterly destroyed in firestorms. Rebuilding is in progress but in our haste we are making little effort to construct homes and neighborhoods in sustainable ways or even ways that might mitigate the probability of future firestorms on those lands. sponge landscaping could address this problem and help even out our Mediterranean style climate.

十月，我居住的小城市里有几个街区被大火给完全摧毁了。重建工作正在进行中，但总是太过急切，很少考虑用可持续的方式建造房屋和街区，或者用能降低未来火灾概率的方式来建造。“海绵景观”概念能解决这个问题，甚至能帮助我们摆脱地中海式气候。

itistimeforachange 4d ago
If people truly leaned from ancient Chinese wisdom the panic of "climate change" wouldn't be an issue. People's morality is the key which the ancients knew all to well.

如果人们能认真汲取吸收中国古代智慧，对“气候变化”的恐慌就不会是问题了。道德是关键，古人早知道了。

Chinese wisdom was a gift from the heavens. Dismiss the heavens people have no restraint. Immoral nature becomes abound. "Climate change" becomes the consequence of peoples immoral actions and behaviour.

中国智慧是上天赐予我们的礼物。没了天堂，人们将不受任何束缚。不道德的人比比皆是。“气候变化”就是人们不道德行为和活动的后果。

Declan Foley  itistimeforachange 4d ago 
As the old American Indian adage goes: "Only when the last leaf has gone and the last drop of water with it will you realise you cannot eat money"

正如美洲印第安人的老话所说：“只有当最后一片树叶凋落，最后一滴水枯竭时，你才会意识到钱是不能吃的。”

Bearmuchly 5d ago
To start adapting our practices in Australia we have some major cultural/educational issues to address.

为了开始改变我们澳大利亚的惯例做法，有一些重要的文化、教育问题需要解决。

One simple example is our virtual refusal to use recycled water (Perth excepted) in our large cities.......the waste is simply breathtaking. Storm water also sees virtually no utilisation other than flushing rubbish and oil deposits off our roads.

简单的一个例子是，我们实际上拒绝使用再生水(佩斯除外)。在我们的大城市...（水资源的）浪费简直令人叹为观止。实际上，除了冲洗掉道路上的垃圾和石油（矿渣）之外，雨水再没其他用途。

There are a myriad of examples of waste together with a raft of behavioural changes that need inculcating.......my suspicion is that if water doesn't get more expensive then the profligate household use won't diminish !

关于浪费的例子我能举无数个，还有大量需要被反复教育亟待改变的行为........我怀疑如果水不变得更贵点，那么那些挥霍无度的家庭的资源浪费将不会减少！

-------------译者：yuebob-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

JosephMcD84 5d ago
Thanks for this article. There is nothing here that should be profound yet it is. And we should be applying this to Australian cities too. Take Sydney as an example:

谢谢你的这篇文章，它没有什么深奥的内容，但意义却是非常深远的。它所提到的方法也应该为澳大利亚城市所用，以悉尼为例：

- We should never have "reclaimed" wetland for industry (Homebush Bay Silverwater) residence (Parramatta river southern side Wolli Creek) or airport (the entire greater Kingsford Smith and St Peters area).

——我们永远都不该“回收”填平湿地以挪作他用，例如工业（赫姆布什湾、Sliverwater工业区），住宅区（帕拉马塔河南岸，涡拉溪）或者机场（金斯福德·史密斯国际机场和圣彼得整个区）。

- Instead of building right up to the edge of drainage lines and creeks and then channeling into them with concrete drain structures we should simply allow them to exist in their natural state with a greater lateral buffer. The exception being when you have to build roads over them.

——我们不应该一直建到河道线和溪流的边上，然后用混凝土排水结构以疏通它们，我们应该简单地让它们以其自然的状态存在并伴有一个更大的侧面缓冲区就行了，除了必须穿过它们修建道路的情况。

- We should never have allowed people to build on what are in fact grassy sand dunes as many Northern Beaches houses are built upon. As we saw last year sand dunes build up and then get washed to see. It's a natural process.

——我们不应该允许人们在荒草遍布的沙丘上建造房屋，实际上北部许多海滩的房子都建在这些沙丘上。就像我们去年看到的那样，沙丘堆积起来，然后被（海水）冲刷干净。这是一个自然的过程。

There is a problem with Yu's approach to slow the drainage. In a place like Singapore for instance steep and fast flowing drainage is required to keep the mosquitoes away. This is important here too. But only immediately around dwellings. If we restored our creeks rivers and wetlands with green space buffer our cities would become much more liveable and resilient.

俞减缓排水的办法存在一个问题。例如，像新加坡这样的地方，为了驱赶蚊子，需要陡峭而快速的排水系统。这在这里也很重要。但只在住所附近。如果我们用绿地缓冲地带来修复我们的小溪、河流和湿地，我们的城市就会变得更适合居住，更具复原力。

Reversing the past would cost billions of dollars if attempted quickly. It is better just to plan ahead and rezone so changes can be made without being too burdensome.

即使迅速行动，进行环境复原，也将花费数十亿美元。最好是提前计划，重新规划，这样就可以在负担不太重的情况下做出改变。

haywoodfarm 5d ago （素材发布者：这网友写了个诗……）（译者：一堆……）
（译者按：鉴于诗歌翻译的巨大难度，以下诗歌只翻译字面意思。）
“H to owe”
如何亏欠自然
（译者注：how to owe  个人理解：因为人类的浪费行为，只索取不付出，导致自然的报复，澳洲的干旱缺水才让人想起亏欠了大自热，题目姑且翻译为如何亏欠自然）

Water water everywhere
And nary a drop to drink
Australians have wasted it 
It should really make us think
About seeing a national shrink
Or watch Oz go down the drink.

处处皆有水
澳洲人皆靡费
现今已无水可饮
国土尽干瘪
吾等当思需行践
干渴日已近
 
“Winter Rain.”
Winter rain is here again
I hear it dripping on the pane
I really love to hear it rain
It helps the land to be sustain
Cockies need it for more grain
I see it going down the drain
Winter rain ..... gone again.

冬雨
冬雨再来，坠我窗格。
喜闻此声，广土得润。
稼穑繁茂，农人多获。
倏忽已止，冬雨又去。
 
“Drips we can measure."
The experts they do reckon
Our forests don't help it rain.
How they love to measure it
While it runs down the drain.

 “可测量的水滴”
专家尽管把人哄，
森林怎能唤雨润。
测算花样百样出，
干旱怎不日渐重。
 
"The emptied cup."
If it don't rain no more down here
We won't be making no more beer
And all Ourstralians will wake up :
"We have emptied the 1/2 full cup."
And we really will be most forlorn
Cos there won't be no more Sundays
Mornings mowing bright green lawn.

（译者按：我撑不住了，打油诗也不行。）
杯空
如果此地不再落雨，
何能产出更多啤酒。
万千澳州人醒来将道：
“我们已喝尽这半杯酒。”
我们将无比绝望，
因从此周日无需
清晨起来割草坪。
 
“Rain Dancer.”
'Its another bloody catastrophe' they said
'Some part of Ourstralia has flooded again'
In this sunburnt and arid desert continent
We should all sing and dance when it rain.

求雨的舞者
他们说：“又一场惨重的大灾难。”
“我们澳洲的某些地方又犯洪涝。”
在这日炙干旱的荒漠大陆，
让我们为雨水一齐载歌载舞。
（译者按：很奇怪这里上下文似乎冲突，而且（英文）并不押韵）
 
"Ground water cycle."
Its OK we're using bore water
Like the guvment says we oughta
Thats what we wuz taughta
And the dollar cost is noughta
Without it our lawn is shorter
Chemicals and nutrients we exporter
To nature's under ground water.

地下水循环
正如政府要求我们做的那样，
我们用钻井从地下取水。
这是我们曾经学到的方法，
但所花金钱不可胜数。
若无此法，我们的草坪将干枯低矮。
然而不论化学品还是营养物，
我们都排向大自然的地下水。
 
“Splain Speak.”
The rain in Australia 
falls plainly down the drain.

辛酸语
澳大利亚的雨，
明显败于干旱。
 
“Our Solar Desal Planet.”
Turn on your household tap
To try and quench your thirst
Where is 'your' water from?
The oceans – twas salty first.
We use it to flush the dunny
Into our rivers the pipes burst
If we don't respect mother nature
Then our future will be cursed.

我们的太阳能淡水厂
打开家里的水龙头，
试着润湿你干渴的喉咙
“你的”水从哪里来？
是那充斥着咸水的大海。
我们用它来冲厕所，
直到水管爆裂河流溢满。
如果我们再不尊重自然母亲。
我们的未来将蒙受诅咒。
 
“God's tears.”
Yesterday when the land was dry
I looked up above and on high
I saw the dark clouds in the sky
Seemed the Lords about to cry.
If he don't we'll all surely die
As it fell I gave a grateful sigh
We can make our table's pie
And wash it down so we aint dry
Without rain what can we buy ?

神之泪
昨日大地干燥，
我仰头极目远眺。
看到了空中的乌云，
如同神欲哭泣，
若他一怒则我们都要死去。
当它消失时我感激地叹声。
我们可以制作馅饼，
吞下它我们就不会干渴。
若无雨水，我们又能买到什么？
（译者按：且不提传统英语诗歌，就是最基本的押韵，不论头韵还是尾韵，这里都（几乎）没有，连打油诗都算不上，类似于我国的“老干体”诗歌，看看就好。头韵的例子：Never Forget Never Forgive.（绝不遗忘，绝不原谅）←这是一个汉语压的尾韵）