中国支持伊朗核协议而美国却退出了，这会不会是一个代价高昂决定呢？ [联合国媒体]

China backs Iran nuclear deal as United States walks away, but could it be a costly decision?

中国支持伊朗核协议而美国却退出了，这会不会是一个代价高昂决定呢？



Beijing says it will ‘protect and execute the agreement’, but reintroduction of US sanctions could hit Chinese firms, analysts suggest

分析人士分析北京方面表示它将继续“维护并执行伊朗核协议”，但美国重新实施制裁可能会打击中国企业。

China said on Wednesday it remains committed to the Iran nuclear deal despite the United States’ decision to withdraw from it, a move analysts said would bring Tehran and Beijing closer together but could harm China’s economic interests.

周三中国表示尽管美国决定退出伊朗核协议，但自己将继续执行该协议。分析人士认为此举将使德黑兰和北更紧密联系在一起，但也会损害到中国经济利益。

Foreign ministry spokesman Geng Shuang said China would “maintain communication with all parties and continue to protect and execute the agreement fully”.

中国外交部发言人耿爽表示中国将“与各方保持沟通，继续全面维护并执行核协议”。
His comments came after the announcement by US President Donald Trump to abandon the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) – signed in 2015 under the Barack Obama administration – was roundly criticised by the deal’s other signatories, namely France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Russia, Iran and the European Union.

此前美国总统特朗普宣布退出奥巴马政府在2015年签署的“联合综合行动计划”。此举被该协议的其他签署国，即法国、德国、英国、俄罗斯、伊朗和欧盟强烈批评。

Hans Dietmar Schweisgut, the EU ambassador to Beijing, said on Wednesday that the nuclear deal would not fall apart despite the United States’ withdrawal.

周三欧盟驻北京大使汉斯·迪特马尔·施魏斯古特表示，尽管美国退出但核协议不会破裂。

The EU believed “that this is an agreement which belongs to the international community”, he said. “This is not an agreement that will fall apart if you just walk away.”

他表示欧盟认为“这是一项属于国际社会之间的共同协议”。“这不是一个你撤出就会破裂的协议。”

Trump said he wanted a “better deal” from the Middle Eastern nation that would see it accepting permanent limits on its uranium enrichment and missile development programmes.

特朗普表示他希望与中东国家签署一项“更好的协议”，使伊朗的铀浓缩和导弹开发项目永久受限。

Meanwhile, the US Treasury said it would reimpose sanctions on Iran – targeting, among other things, aircraft exports to the country, its metals trade and its attempts to acquire US dollars – after the expiration of 90- and 180-day wind-down periods.

与此同时，美国财政部表示将对伊朗重新实施制裁-制裁目标包括伊朗的飞机出口业、金属贸易业以及打击其获得美元的企图——在90天和180天停止货币兑换后。

Li Weijian, an expert in Middle East affairs at the Shanghai Institute of International Studies, said that while the departure of the US from the JCPOA might lead to closer relations between Iran and China, Beijing may lose out in economic terms.

上海国际研究所中东事务专家李伟健说，虽然美国脱离联合综合行动计划可能导致伊朗与中国之间关系更加密切。 但中国在经济层面可能会受损。

“Trump’s move will undoubtedly push Iran closer to China and Russia in the political sphere, but in practical terms this won’t do China any good,” he said.

他说：“特朗普此举无疑将在政治层面推动伊朗更靠近中国和俄罗斯，但实际上不会给中国任何好处。”

“If everyone remained committed to the original deal, Iran would continue to move towards a more open economy, which would give China greater investment opportunities. Now, the US is not only scrapping its deals with Iran but also putting pressure on countries and companies that trade with it, pushing the country further back into isolation.”

“如果每个国家都继续坚持原来的协议，伊朗将继续朝着一个更加开放的经济体发展，这将给中国带来更多的投资机会。”现在，美国不仅作废它与伊朗的协议，也同时对与伊朗贸易的国家和公司施加压力，使该国重新陷入经济孤立状态。”

Li cited the case of Chinese telecom equipment maker ZTE Corp. In April, Washington imposed a seven-year ban on American companies selling components and software to ZTE after ruling it had breached US sanctions on Iran.

李援引中国电信设备制造商中兴通讯公司的案例。4月份美国政府在裁定中兴违反了伊朗核协议后，对中兴通讯在美国销售零部件和软件实施七年禁令。 

Jin Canrong, from the School of International Studies at Renmin University in Beijing, also voiced concern, saying that any move by the US to restrict Iran’s oil trade, could be costly for China.

中国人民大学国际问题学院金灿荣也表示担忧。他表示美国限制伊朗石油贸易的任何举措都可能对中国造成影响。

“[China] buys a lot of oil from Iran, so this would have a negative impact,” he said.

他表示“中国买了很多伊朗石油，所以此举会造成负面影响。”

According to figures from Iran’s Trade Promotion Organisation, oil commodities accounted for more than 80 per cent of the US$37 billion worth of trade between China and Iran in 2017.

根据伊朗贸易促进组织数据，2017年中国与伊朗之间价值370亿美元的贸易中石油大宗商品占了80%以上。

Tytti Erästö, a researcher on nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation issues at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, said, however, that even if Washington did reintroduce sanctions on Iran, China could circumvent them as it was “less dependent on the US economically”.

然而斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所核裁军和防扩散问题研究员蒂蒂·埃斯特表示即使华盛顿确实重新实施了制裁，在伊朗问题上中国也可以规避这些制裁，因为它“在经济上并不那么依赖美国”。

“Even if Europeans have the political will to oppose the reimposition of US extraterritorial sanctions, their companies and banks are effectively deterred [by them], due to their extensive ties with the United States,” she said.

她表示：“即使欧洲人有反对美国重新进行域外制裁的政治意愿，他们的公司和银行也因为自身利益与之息息相关而偃旗息鼓。”

Nonetheless, if China and the EU jointly condemned any US sanctions, and found legal and economic ways to oppose them, it would send a clear political message to Washington, Erästö said.

埃斯特表示但如果中国和欧盟联合谴责美国制裁并采取法律和经济手段进行反击，将传递出一个明确的政治信号。

“China could help the EU to circumvent the US sanctions by offering alternative financial networks for conducting business with Iran,” she said.

她表示：“中国可以通过提供替代金融网络服务与伊朗开展贸易，从而帮助欧盟规避美国制裁。”