抗生素垃圾污染中印河流；大药厂须采取行动 [英国媒体]

-------------译者：明元lang-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------



Antibiotic-resistant superbugs are a fundamental threat to global health UN secretary general Ban Ki-moon recently told a general assembly meeting. Failure to address the problem he said would make it “difficult if not impossible” to provide universal healthcare “and it will put the sustainable development goals in jeopardy”.

“耐抗生素的超级细菌是对全球卫生的一项根本威胁。”联合国秘书长潘基文最近在一个会议上表示。若是不能解决他说的这个问题，它将使提供普遍医疗保健变得困难（如果不是不可能的话）。它将使可持续发展目标陷入危险“。

For pharmaceutical companies the attention on antimicrobial resistance has also brought a focus on one of its key drivers: the unabated environmental pollution of drug factories in developing countries.

对制药公司来说，对抗菌素耐药性的关注也导致人们将目光放在了其关键驱动因素之一上：发展中国家药物工厂的环境污染。

In India and China where a large proportion of antibiotics are produced the poorly regulated discharge of untreated wastewater into soils and rivers is causing the spread of antibiotic ingredients which cause bacteria to develop immunity to antibiotics creating superbugs.

在印度和中国，大量的抗生素产生，监管不到位导致未经处理的废水排入土壤和河流，导致抗生素成分的传播，使得细菌进化出对抗生素产生免疫的超级细菌。

-------------译者：Robin_lbh-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

A study of drug factories in China found that antibiotic-resistant bacteria were not only escaping purification but also breeding. For every bacterium that entered one waste treatment plant four or five antibiotic-resistant bacteria were released into the water system tainting water livestock and communities.

对中国药企的一项研究发现，抗药性细菌不但很难杀灭净化，而且还会繁殖。细菌进入污水处理厂后，都会繁殖成4或者5个细菌进入到自然水环境当中，并且对水生物和社区造成污染。

Superbugs are able to travel quickly through air and water aboard airplanes and through global food supply chains. By 2050 the total death toll worldwide as the result of contracting an infection that proves resistant to treatment is expected toreach 10 million people (pdf).

超级细菌在空气和水里可以通过飞机以及全球的食物供应链快速的传播，预计到2050年，全球将会有1000万人将死于细菌抗药性。


-------------译者：天鹅-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

buckwurstagain 23m ago
Can this be fact checked?
"A study of drug factories in China found that antibiotic-resistant bacteria were not only escaping purification but also breeding."
From what I can see of the paper there's not mention of "drug factories" being the culprit simply "wastewater".
Also why the "global pharma" angle aren't the vast majority of pharma plants in China and one would assume the major polluters Chinese owned and operated? 
Is there any evidence that pharma factories owned by "global pharma" companies are polluting?
This seems like a poorly researched article all too willing to point the blame at some cliched bogeyman like "global pharma" but without much evidence to back it up. It does seem clear things are getting into the water supply that shouldn't but where's the lix to "global pharma" in the China part of the story at least.

文中所说可经过核查了呢？
“对中国药厂的研究发现，抗生素耐药细菌在抗生素条件下不仅可以躲过的杀伤而且还能保持自身的繁殖。”
从我看来，这篇文章可是一点都没有提到“药厂”是罪魁祸首，只是说“废水”是罪魁祸首。
还有为什么“全球制药公司”这个讨论角度没有包括大量的中国制药厂（译者注：感觉像是在说中国的很多的制药小厂小作坊）？我们是否可以假设这主要的污染是中国他们自己一手造成的呢。
是否有证据表明“全球制药公司”下属的药厂造成了污染？
这似乎是一篇缺乏研究的文章，人们总是很乐意去指责像“全球制药公司”那样的怪胎却又拿不出什么像样的证据来支撑自己的指责。
事情看起来是这样的，药厂的确是往水供应系统排放了废弃物，但文中所说的“全球制药公司”至少也应该有中国（小作坊小厂）的一部分。

 -------------译者：Linsanity2018-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Koodhiq 30m ago
Just like the coal and metal miners and the huge farms that create nutrient run offs into rivers and lakes the pharma sector is working hard to contribute its own methods of pollution by discharging untreated chemical effluents into river and waterways. The pharma pollution would have immediate effect on human health because the bacteria builds resistance to antibiotics. However the pollution from mining and agriculture is equally bad with huge water bodies including the ocean affected by algal bloom poisoning and killing marine life including the fish that humans consume. The obvious question is what is the EPA and the governments around the world doing? Industry has no self discipline and they only understand when the big stick is wielded.

就像煤矿、金属矿以及造成富营养废水流入河流湖泊的大型农场一样，通过将未经处理的化学污水排入河流和水道，制药行业也以自己的方式努力“贡献”了一份污染。
药物污染对人体健康的影响是立竿见影的，因为它会导致细菌对抗生素产生耐药性。
不过，采矿和农业所造成的污染也同样糟糕，包括海洋在内的大型水体受到藻类爆发的影响，导致海洋生物中毒死亡，其中包括人类所食用的那些鱼类。
一个显而易见的问题是，世界各国的政府和环保部门在干什么？行业本身缺乏自我约束，它们都是敬酒不吃吃罚酒的。

-------------译者：Linsanity2018-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

poppetmaster 52m ago
population solution underway

这是实施中的人口问题解决方案啊。

cookedgoose 54m ago
The drug companies will be able to invent new drugs to treat the people poisoned by the polluted waterways.

现在制药公司就可以再研发新药来治疗那些被受污染的水所毒害的人了。

Supertrader 1h ago
Since when does big Pharma care about human health?.
They are interested in disease and chronic disease at that.
They spent billions solving the problem of middle age men having droopy dicks. THey could have spent that on more antibiotics. But... they made a lot more money making mens dicks hard rather than saving peoples lives.

制药巨头几时关心过人类健康啦？
他们是对疾病感兴趣，尤其是慢性疾病。
他们能花上数十亿美元去解决中年男性无法雄起的问题，而这些钱本可以被用于研发更多的抗生素。然而，让男人“硬起来”可是比救死扶伤要有利可图得多了。

-------------译者：天鹅-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

poppetmaster  Supertrader 51m ago
I haven't met a single woman who thought that there weren't enough men with erections.

在我遇到的所有单身女人中，没有一个认为自己缺乏能勃起的男人。

MtEden  Supertrader 49m ago
Actually they didn't spend billions on solving the problem of men having droopy dicks. 
The sildenafil compound was originally developed by Pfizer for the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina pectoris (chest pain due to heart disease). During the heart clinical trials researchers discovered that the drug was more effective at inducing erections than treating angina.

实际上，他们从来没有为解决男人的鸡巴不举的问题花费过（他们所宣称的）数十亿美元。
西地那非合成物最初是被用来治疗高血压和心绞痛的，只不过是在心脏病的临床试验中研究人员发现了用西地那非来治阳痿比治心绞痛更有用罢了。

Laikathespacedog 1h ago
The market freed of the dead hand of government regulation leads to optimum outcomes so now we are all going to die if we get an ear infection or need minor surgery.
Neoliberalism is such a stunningly stupid theory. Why have we allowed this to happen?

没有政府管理的自由市场就会形成这样的良好局面。真怕我们现在会因为一个耳朵感染或者是一个小手术就死去。新自由主义真的是特别傻的理论，真搞不懂我们怎么会允许这样的理论存在

 -------------译者：天鹅-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Koodhiq  Laikathespacedog 27m ago
"Neoliberalism is such a stunningly stupid theory. Why have we allowed this to happen?". Because many people's brains are utterly stunted and stupid ideas can easily be planted to germinate and take on monstrous proportions.

“新自由主义真的是特别傻的理论，真搞不懂我们怎么会允许这样的理论存在”
因为我们很多人的脑子都没有发育完全。所以白痴想法可以很轻易的在那些人的脑子里生根发芽茁壮成长。

harrykrishna 1h ago
I am confident that the pharmaceutical companies will indeed act and by 2020 the amount of antibiotics in India's waterways will be trebled.

我可以确定的一件事就是，制药公司将为这一事件有所行动，然后到了2020年，印度河道中的抗生素总量将达到现在的三倍之多。

Quentin Sciascia  harrykrishna 1h ago
HAHAHAHA brillaint - I will second this and throw in a quid as a gamble

哈哈哈哈哈，你太有才了！我赌一英镑，赌你的说法是对的。

Koodhiq  harrykrishna 25m ago
Won't need to go to the chemist to buy antibiotics. A few dosages of the effluent sludge should be enough to treat most ailments.

终于可以不用去医院买抗生素了，来上几针污水剂，就足以包治百病。

-------------译者：天鹅-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

jodevizes 2h ago
The Western companies love to move their dirty manufacturing plants to poorer nations. Lower wages less stringent controls and possibly corrupt officials make it a haven. Remember unx Carbide?

西方的公司很喜欢把他们的污染工厂搬到贫穷国家来，更低的工资，不受约束的环境，运气好的话可能还会有个腐败的官员给他们提供保护，还记得英国联合碳化物公司吧？

Perplexed123 2h ago
Whilst so called big pharmaceutical has a role in most cases it will be an indirect one here. Most of the perpetrators will be local manufacturing contractors in the supply chain many of which will be emeshed in very local quid pro quid arrangements with local and regional authorities that might be described as opaque at best. The signatory companies will have an interesting time trying to meet their obligations.

虽然大制药公司在大部分案例上都负有责任，但是在这个案例中没有直接责任。大部分的污染者都是当地的制造承包商，他们可能和当地或者地方的当局有利益交换。这些承包商要如何履行自己的义务，让我们拭目以待。

 -------------译者：Robin_lbh-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Koodhiq  Perplexed123 17m ago
This is the benefit of sub-contract manufacturing in pharmaceuticals. Pharma majors get most product manufacturing outsourced. Hence the problems of effluent disposal and pollution is for the contractor to deal with and the pharma majors's gloved hands are untainted. They feign ignorance when met with evidence by media and NGOs and try to act with a sense of false urgency only to revert to the status quo after greasing the palms of concerned officials and politicians as the dust settles Happens in India and China all the time. That is exactly what happened with unx Carbide in Bhopal and Unilever's thermometer factory that polluted the surroundings with toxic mercury in the Southern Indian hill station town of Kodaikaanal.

这就是制药行业的分包利益所在，药企现在大多数的产品都是外包的，因此，废水的污染和处理问题都是由分包商来处理的，而药企本身却袖手旁观。当媒体和国际非政府组织曝光这些证据的时候，他们故意装作对此一无所知，并且假装对此非常关注。然后在对相关官员进行贿赂后，就像尘埃落地，所有事情都回到原来样子，这种事情一直在印度和天朝发生。当初联合碳化合物公司在博帕尔和联合利华在印度南部的Kodaikaanal镇的温度计工厂发生有毒汞污染后就是这么干的。

Alsoalso 3h ago
If you needed proof of why big companies ultimately only care about short term gain this story is it

如果你想知道为什么大公司只关心短期利益，看这个例子就是了。

Iconoclastius 3h ago
Big pharma must act? Where are the profits in that?

没有任何的利益，怎么能让哪些大药企有所行动呢？